| A | B |
|---|
| deoxyribose | the sugar in DNA |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions |
| nitrogenous base | A, T, G, or C |
| adenine | pairs with thymine (DNA) |
| guanine | pairs with cytosine |
| double helix | two twisted strands |
| nucleotide | the building blocks of a nucleic acid |
| nucleic acid | a large molecule that stores information in the form of a code |
| urasil | pairs with adenine (RNA) |
| messenger RNA | transcribes DNA |
| transfer RNA | translates mRNA |
| amino acids | the building blocks of protein |
| anticodon | the sequence of nucleotides on a tRNA that pair with three nucleotides on mRNA |
| hydrogen bond | holds the nitrogen bases together |
| chromosome | made up of DNA and protein; you've got 46 of them |
| nucleus | this is where DNA replication and transcription takes place |
| ribosome | this is where translation takes place |
| transcription | the process in which DNA is used to form a strand of mRNA |
| translation | the process in which mRNA is used to link together amino acids to make protein |
| phosphate group | connects to the sugar; forms the sides of the DNA ladder |
| codon | a series of three nucleotides on mRNA that code for an amino acid |
| mutation | a permanent alteration in the sequence of DNA nucleotides |
| helicase | unzips DNA during replication |
| DNA polymerase | assembles the DNA molecule during DNA replication |
| RNA polymerase | the enzyme that facilitates transcription |
| active site | the region on an enzyme where it binds with a substrate |
| substrate | a substance that an enzyme acts upon |
| denature | occurs when a protein's shape is altered |
