| A | B |
|---|
| Choice Theory | youths will engage in deligent behavior after weighing the consequences and benefits of their actions. Delinquency is a rational choice |
| Trait Theory | youths engage in delinquent behavior due to aberrant physical or psychological traits that govern behavior choices, or impulsive rather than rational |
| Free Will | youths are in charge of their own destinies and are free to make personal behavior choices unencombered by environmental factors |
| Utilitarians | those who believe that people weigh the benefits and consequences of their future actions before deciding on a course of behavior |
| classical criminology | the decision to violate the law comes after a careful weighing of the benefits and costs of criminal behaviors |
| Routine Activities Theory | crime is a "normal" function of the routine activities of modern living. offenses can be made if there is a suitable target and motivated offender and no capable guardian |
| Predatory Crimes | Violent crimes against persons and crimes in which an offender attempts to steal an object directly from its holder |
| General Detternce | crime control policies that depend on the fear of criminal penalties. aim is to convince law violators that pain outweighs the benefit |
| Specific Detterence | Sending convicted offenders to secure incarceration facilities so that punishment is severe enough to convince offenders not to repeat their criminal activity |
| Criminal Atavism | the idea that delinquents manifest physical anomalies that make them similar to savages |
| Somatotype School | argued that delinquents manifest distinct physiques that make them susceptible to particular types of delinquent behavior |
| Equipotentiality | view that all people are equal at birth and are thereafter influenced by their environment |
| Biosocial Theory | view that both thought and behavior have biological and social bases |
| Minimal Brain Dysfunction | damage to the brain itself that causes antisocial behavior |
| Learning Disability | Neurological Dysfunction that prevents an individual from learning to his or her potential |
| Evolutionary Theory | Explaining the exisistence of aggression and violent behavior as positive adaptive behaviors in human evolution |
| Psychodynamic Theory | Branch of psychology that holds that the human personality is controlled by unconsious mental processes developed early in childhood |
| Identity Crisis | Psychological state, identified by Erikson, in which youth face inner turmmil and uncertaintly about life roles. |
| Latent Delinquents | Youths who troubled family life leads them to seek immediate gratification without consideration of right and wrong or the feeling of others. |
| Behaviorism | Branch of psychology concerned with the study of observable behavior rather than unconscious processes |
| Cognitive Theory | branch of psychology that studies the perception of reality and mental process required to understand the world we live in |
| Extravert | A person who behaves impulsively and doesn't have the ability to examine motives and behavior |
| Neuroticism | A personality trait marked by unfounded anxiety, tension, and emotional instability |
| Psychopathic/Socioath | A person lacking in warmth and affection, exhibiting inappropriate behavioral responses, and unable to elarn from experiences |
| Primary Sociopaths | Individuals with an inherited trait that predisposes them to antisocial behavior |
| Secondary Sociopaths | Individuals who are biologically normal but exhibit antisocial behavior due to negative life experiences |
| Nature Theory | Low intelligence is genetically determined and inherited |
| Nurture Theory | Interlligence is partly biological but mostly sociological |
| Secondary/Special Prevention | Psychological counseling, and rehabilition treatment designed to prevent repeat offenses. |
