| A | B |
|---|
| diploid | having two of each homologous chromosomes in a cell |
| haploid | having one of each pair of homologous chromosomes in a cell |
| fertilization | the combining of chromosomes from an egg and a sperm |
| gamete | sex cell; egg or sperm |
| meiosis | a process by which the number of chromosomes is cut in half; forms gametes |
| crossingover | the exchange of portions of chromatids between homologous chromosomes |
| tetrad | structure formed when homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis |
| chromatids | one of two identical parts of duplicated chromosome |
| deletion | change to chromosome where fragment is removed |
| autosomes | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| homologous | chromosomes that are the same size, have the same genes |
| genetic disorder | abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or through chromosome |
| karyotype | display of chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape |
| nondisjunction | error in meiosis in which members of pair of homologs fail to separate |
| translocation | fragment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome |
