| A | B |
|---|
| pectus excavatum | chest goes inward |
| pectus cavanatum | pigeon chest, outward, kiel of ship |
| clubbing of fingernails | bronchogenic carcinoma |
| trachea lateral displacement away from lesion | pleural effusion and pneumothorax |
| trachea displacement toward lesion | atelectasis |
| asymmetrical chest | scoliosis |
| barrel chest | emphysema and cystic fibrosis |
| vesicular breath sounds | inspiratory longer than expiratory |
| most of lung especially the base | vesicular breath sounds |
| bronchovesicular breath sounds | inspiratory equals expiratory |
| anterior: 1st and 2nd rib interspace, posterior: between scapula at lung apex | bronchovesticular breath sounds |
| bronchial breath sounds | expiratory longer than inspiratory |
| over manubrium | bronchial breath sounds |
| tracheal breath sounds | inspiratory equals expiratory |
| over trachea in neck | tracheal breath sounds |
| biot's breathing | irregular periods of apnea alternating with 4-5 normal breaths, hyperventilation |
| cheyne's strokes | alternating periods of dyspnea and apnea but regular (drugs, neurological breathing, heart problems) |
| Kaussmaul's breathing | seen in diabetic acidosis, slow deep breathing |
| decrease fremitus | air and collapse |
| increase fremitus | fluid |
| asthma | wheezing, resonant or hyper |
| atelectasis | absent breath sounds, decreased fremitus, flat/dull percussion |
| bronchiectasis | rales breath sounds, chronic productive cough |
| bronchitis | rhonchi breath sounds, resonant percussion |
| emphysema | wheezing, decrease in breath sounds, hyperresonant percussion |
| pleurisy | crackles (friction rub), resonant |
| pneumonia | egophony, bronchophony, whispered pectoriloquy, increased fremitus, dull percussion |
| pulmonary embolism | dry, cough and extreme shortness of breath sudden onset usually associated with surgery |
| pneumococcal (lobar) pneumonia | productive cough, rusty sputum, strep pneumonia |
| friedlander's pneumonia | productive cough, currant jelly red sputum, klebsiella pneumonia, old age |
| hemophilus bronchopneumonia | productive cough, gram neg. coccobacilli, hemophilus influenza, children |
| primary atypical pneumonia | dry mucoid or mucopurulent, mycoplasma pneumonia, most common lung infection 5-35 yr old |
| viral pneumonia | dry cough, mucopurulent, adenovirus, parainfluenza, accompanied by headache, fever, myalgia, and cough |
| pneumocystis carinii | protozoan, aids patients |
| cytomegalovirus | CMV, aids patients |
| TB | gibbus deformity, angular kyphosis of thoracics |
| coccidiodomycosis | lung condition in southwest US (Arizona) due to dust |
