| A | B |
|---|
| when ventricles contract | systole |
| when ventricles rest (vetricles are filling) | diastole |
| S1 sound | AV valve closing (mitral and tricuspid) |
| S2 sound | semilunar valves closing (pulmonary and aortic) |
| S3 sound | extra sound immediately after S2 normal in children adn young adults (ventricullar gallop) |
| S4 sounds | occurs just before S1 (atrial gallop) |
| stenosis | valve has trouble opening, low pitch, heard with bell |
| regurgitation | valve is insufficient, blood seeps or squirts back into chamber, doesn't close all the way, high pitch, heard with diaphragm |
| aortic | 2nd intercostal space on right lean forward |
| mitral | 5th left mid-clavicular line lay on lt side/ lean to lt |
| pulmonic | 2nd left intercostal space |
| tricuspid | 5th left intercostal space, next to sternum |
| CPK | appears 3-4 hours, peaks 24-36 hours, returns to normal by 3rd day |
| SGOT | appears 6-8 hours, peaks 24 hours, returns to normal by 4-6 days |
| LDH | appears 10-12 hours, peaks 48-72 hours, returns to normal after 14 days |
| angina pectoris | nitroglycine is used to treat it, relieved by rest, exerted by exercise |
| unstable angina | can be exerted by anything even rest |
| p wave | atrial depolarization |
| qrs complex | ventricular depolarization |
| t wave | ventricular repolarization |
| mitral valve prolapse | worse by exercise and emotional upsets |
| arterial disease | cool skin, pale, cyanotic, weak/absent pulse, numbness, no swelling, raynaud's phenomenon, thin skin, hair loss |
| venus disease | normal/cool, red skin, normal pulse, no numbness, swelling, stasis dermatitis, valve incompetence |
| venous star | lesion on abs thats blue from a vein |
| spider anginoma | superificial over liver on ab, looks like spider, associated with alcoholics, 5% of cases it's normal |
| cherry angioma | red spot surrounded by white raised lesion, sign of aging, no clinical significance |
