| A | B |
|---|
| United Nations | organization created after WWII to promote peace and prevent future wars |
| Yalta Conference | FDR, Stalin, Churchill met to make plans for post WWII world. They decided to make an international peace keeping organization and hold elections in East European nations after WWII. |
| Buffer Zone | USSR wanted friendly nations between themselves and Germany so no elections took place in East Europe. Communist "puppet" governments were set up to create this. |
| Containment | US foreign policy after WWII, contain the spread of communism |
| Marshall Plan | US plan to spend billions rebuilding Europe after WWII. US hoped this would help contain communism. |
| NATO | Military alliance between US and democratic nations in West Europe designed to contain communism |
| Japan | Occupied by the US after WWII, General MacArthur set up a democracy there by 1947 |
| Berlin Airlift | US and UK fly supplies to West Berlin because a Soviet blockade kept them from using railroad's and highways into Berlin |
| Truman Doctrine | The US says they will help any nation resist communist takeovers (Used in Greece & Turkey) |
| Nuremberg Trials | Nazis were put on trial for crimes related the Holocaust during WWII |
| Potsdam Conference | Truman, Stalin, and Churchill divide Germany and Berlin into four zones of occupation |
| Security Council | Strongest body of the U.N., makes major decisions, 15 nations are in it, 5 are permanent |
| Chiang Kai-Shek/Nationalists | US supports them in a Civil War in China. They lost to Mao Zendong and the communists |
| 38th Parallel | Dividing line in Korea after WWII, Soviets control area north of the 38th, US controls area south of it |
| MacArthur | removed by President Truman for criticizing his handling of the Korean War. (He wanted to bomb China, Truman did not) |
| H-bomb | First nuclear weapon, US and USSR both have them in the early 1950's |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration | formed by the US after Sputnik, designed to catch up and win the space race |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | says US will help any nation in the Middle East fight communist takeover |
| Mao Zedong/Communists | won control of China in 1949, made China a communist nation |
| Korean War | 1950-1953, North Korea attacks South Korea. The UN decides to defend South Korea. The result is two nations form (Communist - North Korea and Democratic - South Korea |
| Stalemate | result of the Korean War (no side is the clear winner) |
| Sputnik | first artificial satellite, launched by USSR (this starts the space race) |
| Central Intelligence Agency | US spy organization, secretly worked in nations around the world to contain communism |
| Nikita Khruschev | Soviet dictator who followed Josef Stalin. He challenged JFK with a wall in Berlin and missiles in Cuba |
| Coexistence | Krushchev says the US and USSR can live together peacefully |
| JFK (John F. Kennedy) | elected in 1960, assassinated in 1963 (first Catholic President) |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | CIA trained Cuban exiles to lead an invation of Cuba to remove Fidel Castro from power (the revolution failed) |
| Hotline | established after the Cuban Missile Crisis, allows US and USSR leaders to talk immediately in the event of a crisis |
| Jack Ruby | man who shot Lee Harvey Oswald while in police custody, two days after the JFK assassinaiton |
| LBJ (Lydon Baines Johnson) | Vice President for JFK, took over after the assassinaiton |
| U-2 Incident | Soviets shoot down a US spy plane over the Soviet Union and capture the pilot |
| Cold War | period of tension and hostilities between the US and USSR after WWII, both nations want to extend their influence around the world |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | 1962, US spy plane finds Soviet missiles in Cuba. JFK forced Krushchev to remove the missiles (this almost led to a nuclear war) |
| Lee Harvey Oswald | man charged with the assassination of JFK |
| Warren Commission | government investigation of JFK assassination, concluded that Oswald was the only one to shoot JFK |
| Vietcong | North Vietnamese communist guerilla army |
| Free World | made up of countries with non-communist governments |
| the East | the Soviet Union, China, and other communist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia |
| the West | the U.S., Great Britain, France, and other democratic nations |
| nonaligned nations | countries remaining neutral in the Cold War (India, Sweden, Switzerland, and various African and Asian nations) |
| arms race | competition between communist and Free World nations |
| Iron Curtain | the Soviet Union's tight control over travel and communication between Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe and the Free World |
| Space Race | the rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for superiority in space exploration and communication |
| satellites | the countries of the Eastern Europe that came under the control of the Soviet Union after WWII |
| propaganda | ideas spread by one side in the Cold War to support its own policies or to criticize the other side's actions and beliefs |
| Radio Free Europe | broadcasts supporting democratic principles and ideals transmitted to people living behind the Iron Curtain |
| Peace Corps | American volunteers who help disadvantaged people in underdeveloped countries of the world |
| detente | a time of improved relations between the US and the Soviet Union during the 1970's |
| peaceful coexistence | the two sides in the Cold War decide to cooperate in such areas as space, trade, education, and science |
