| A | B |
|---|
| specialization | In farming, the raising of one or two crops for sale rather than a variety of foods for personal use |
| market revolution | Economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves |
| capitalism | Economic system in which individuals and businesses control the means of production |
| entrepreneur | Business owner |
| Samuel F. B. Morse | Inventor of the telegraph |
| John Deere | Inventor of the steel plow |
| telegraph | Device that sends messages by wires |
| Cyrus McCormick | Inventor of the mechanical reaper |
| manifest destiny | Belief that the US would expand across the continent |
| Treaty of Ft. Laramie | Treaty that gave the Native Americans control of the central plains |
| Santa Fe Trail | Trail from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico |
| Oregon Trail | Trail from Missouri to Oregon |
| Mormons | Religious group that settled near present-day Salt Lake City |
| Joseph Smith | Founder and leader of the Mormons |
| Brigham Young | Leader of the Mormons who decided to move the group to Utah |
| Fifty-four Forty or Fight | Slogan used in the 1844 presidential election as a call for US annexation of Oregon Territory |
| Stephen F. Austin | Leader of American colony in Texas |
| land grant | Gift of public land to an individual or organization |
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | Mexcian president who fought Texans in the Texas Revolution |
| Texas Revolution | Texas's war for independence from Mexico |
| Alamo | Site of a key batle in the Texas Revolution |
| Sam Houston | General and first president of the Republic of Texas |
| Republic of Texas | Independent nation that was created after the Texans defeated Mexico in the Texas Revolution |
| annex | To make part of, incorporate |
| James K. Polk | 11th president who started a war with Mexico |
| Zachary Taylor | Am. general in the war with Mexico and the 12th president |
| Stephen Kearny | Am. general in the Mexican War; fought in New Mexico & Calif. |
| Republic of California | Nation declared by American settlers after defeating the Mexicans |
| Winfield Scott | Am. general & war hero; captured Mexico City, the capital |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Treaty Ending the War with Mexico |
| Gadsden Purchase | Purchase of land from Mexico in 1853 that established the present US-Mexico boundary |
| forty-niners | People who came to California in 1849 in search of gold |
| gold rush | Movement of people to a place in which gold has been discovered |
| diverse | different |
| interdependent | relying upon each other |
| provoke | to bring on or cause |
| skirmish | minor fight between troops |
| persecuted | treated badly because of beliefs or background |
| restriction | something that limits |
| frontier | a region at the edge of a settled area |
