| A | B |
|---|
| labor unions | an organization of workers formed to protect the interest of its members (Gompers, Debs, Lewis) |
| monopoly | complete control of a product or service; reduces competition |
| anti-trust laws | laws restricting the formation of monopolies and trusts |
| trust | a group of separate companies placed under the control of a single managing board |
| free-enterprise | an economic system in which companies compete for profits |
| Gilded Age | a term coined by Mark Twain; a time period in which a thin but glittering layer of prosperity covered the poverty and corruption of society |
| "Gospel of Wealth" | written by Andrew Carnegie suggesting a man of wealth has a duty to give back to his community |
| assembly line | manufacturing process in which each worker does one specialized task in the construction of the final product; Ford's automobile |
| Interstate Commerce Act | a law passed in 1887 that regulated railroads and other interstate businesses |
| Sherman Anti-trust Act | a law passed in 1890 that outlawed any combination of companies that restrained trade or commerce |
| Eugene Debs | a radical labor leader who organized many strikes for workers; he was a Socialist |
| Haymarket Riot | a demonstration turned riot after a bomb was thrown; no 8-hour work day |
| Homestead Strike | railroad workers went on strike demanding an increase in wage; $5 million in damage; no wage increase |
| "new" immigrant | a person who entered the U.S. during the Industrial Revolution looking for work; generally from Southern and Eastern Europe |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | a law passed in 1882 that prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the country |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | an agreement made in 1907 between the U.S. and Japan restricting Japanese immigration |
| National Origins Act | a law restricting immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe and practically all Asians |
| Quota Acts | laws limiting the number of immigrants entering the U.S. from certain regions of the world |
| robber baron | a businessman who uses ruthless business tactics to make profits (Rockefeller, Morgan, Vanderbilt) |
| Social Darwinism | a theory that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people's pursuit of success; survival of the fittest |
| Pullman railcar strike | Another strike in which Pullman car workers wanted better wages and hours; unsuccessful; the gov't sided with the business owners |
| laissez-faire | an economic policy that the government should limit, as much as possible, any interference in the economy |
| muckraker | writers who exposed the evils in American society |
| Jacob Riis | a muckraker who wrote "How the Other Half Lives" revealing the social ills of life in NYC's tenements |
| Upton Sinclair | a muckraker who wrote "The Jungle" revealing the unsanitary practices used in the meat packing industry that would result in the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Company | A tragic fire would kill 146 workers, mostly women, due to poor conditions within the factory |
| Progressive Movement | The purpose of the Progressive Movement was to correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society. |
| Ida Tarbell | A muckraker who wrote "The History of the Standard Oil Company" revealing the ruthlessness of Rockefeller eventually leading to the break up of the Standard Oil Company |
| Initiative, referendum, recall | Each are ways for the people to have more say in the political process; expand democracy |
| 17th Amendment | Requires Senators in the United States Senate to be directly elected by the people |
| Political machines | Corrupt politicians who often bribed their constituents in return for favors |
| Roosevelt's "Big Stick" policy | President Theodore Roosevelt's policy in which the United States "policed" the Western Hemisphere |
| Spanish-American War | A war in 1898 against Spain that resulted in the United States becoming a major world power |
| Open Door Policy | A policy in which the United States "opened the door" to trade in China (the Far East) |
| yellow journalism | a tactic used by the media in which stories, such as the U.S.S. Maine, were exagerated to build support for the war against Spain in 1898 |
| Roosevelt Corollary | President Theodore Roosevelt's addition to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the United States can intervene into the affairs of Latin America |
| Panama Canal | Theodore Roosevelt secured the land for the United States to build the Pananma Canal after helping Panama win it's independence from Columbia; finished in 1914 just before WWI; shortcut for trade between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
| Schenck v. United States (1919) | United States Supreme Court case decision stating during a national emergency, such as war, the civil liberties of Americans can be limited |
| Fourteen Points | President Wilson's plan for peace after World War I including the League of Nations |
| Treaty of Versailles | the peace treaty to end World War I, but the Senate rejected it's ratification due to the League of Nations |
