| A | B |
|---|
| WEATHER | conditions of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place |
| ATMOSPHERE | mixture a layer of gases that surrounds Earth. The outermost of the four spheres into which scientists divide Earth. |
| OZONE | A form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two. |
| WATER VAPOR | The invisible, gaseous form of water. |
| DENSITY | The amount of mass in a given space; mass per unit volume. |
| PRESSURE | The amount of force pushing on a surface or area. |
| AIR PRESSURE | A force that is the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area. |
| BAROMETER | An instrument used to measure changes in air pressure. |
| MERCURY BAROMETER | An instrument that measures changes in air pressure, consisting of a glass tube part filled with mercury |
| ANEROID BAROMETER | An instrument that measures changes in air pressure without using liquid. |
| ALTITUDE | Elevation above sea level. |
| TROPOSPHERE | The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs. |
| STRATOSPHERE | The second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere; the ozone layer is located here |
| MESOSPHERE | middle layer in which most meteoroids burn up. |
| THERMOSPHERE | outermost main layer |
| IONOSPHERE | lower part of the thermosphere where electrically charged particles called ions are found |
| AURORA BOREALIS | colorful, glowing display in the sky caused when particles from the sun strike oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the ionosphere; also called the Northern Lights |
| EXOSPHERE | outer layer of the thermosphere, extending outward into space |
| 78% | Nitrogen makes up this percent of dry air |
| 21% | oxygen makes up this percent of dry air |
| clouds | condense into water or ice crystals |
| pressure | pushes on objects in all directions |
| density | mass divided by volume |
| mass | Air in the atmosphere has pressure because it has this |
| provides gases | air is important to living things since it does this |
| local winds | winds that blow over short distances |
| aneroid barometer | barometer that is compact and does not contain a liquid |
| decreases | as altitude increases the air pressure does this |
| less oxygen per breath | it is harder to breath on top of a mountain because |
| ultraviolet radiation | ozone layer absorbs this type of radiation |
| stratosphere | ozone is located in this layer of the atmosphere |
| temperature | main layers of the atmosphere are classified according to this |
| greenhouse effect | process by which gases hold heat in the atmosphere is called |
| air pressure | winds are caused by difference in this |
| high pressure to low pressure | Pressure moves from an area of this to this |
| local winds | these are caused by unequal heating within a small area |
| land breezes | these breezes occur because land cools off faster than water |
| global winds | winds which blow from specific directions over long distances |
| local winds | winds which blow over short distances |
| coriolis effect | causes the winds to curve because of Earth's rotation |
| precipitation | any form of water which falls to Earth from the sky |
| climate | average year after year conditions in an area |
| altitude | distance above sea level is called this |
| global winds | winds that blow between the equator and the poles over long distances |
| sea breeze | land heats faster than water during the day producing a breeze called this |
| land breeze | water cools slower than land producing a breeze called this |
| sea breeze | since water is cooler in the daytime this type of breeze forms |
| land breeze | since land cools faster than water this type of breeze is formed at night |
| latitude | imaginary lines running east to west which measure distance from the equator in degrees north or south are called this |
| longitude | imaginary lines running north to south which measure distance in degrees from the prime meridian east or west are called this |
| convection | type of heat transfer caused by differences in density is called this |
| conduction | type of heat transfer by direct contact is called this |
| radiation | type of heat transfer through empty space |
| global winds | winds which blow from specific directions over long distances |
| decreases | as altitude increases the density of air does this |
| increases | as altitude decreases the density of air does this |
| low pressure | at higher altitudes the density of air decreases causing pressure to become this |
| high pressure | as altitude decreases the density of air increase causing pressure to become this |
| more dense | the density of cold air is this compared to warm air |
| less dense | the density of warm air is this compared to cold air |
| liquid | due to the greenhouse effect water is able to exist in this state |
| mercury | liquid in the first type of barometer used to measure air pressure |
| decreases | as you rise farther up in the atmosphere the air pressure does this |
| mesophere | third layer of the atmosphere in which meteroids burn up |
| thermometer | instrument used to measure how hot or cold the air is called this |
| condensation | process where a gas such as water vapor cools enough to change into a liquid |
| evaporation | process where a liquid such as water absorbs enough energy to change into a gaseous state |
| pressure | force per unit of area is called this |
| condensation | air becomes liquid water during this process |
