| A | B |
|---|
| chemical energy | the energy stored in the bonds between atoms of every molecule |
| glucose | a sugar molecule that is a major energy source for most cells, produced by the process of photosynthesis |
| photosynthesis | the process that plant cells use to change the energy from sunlight into the chemical energy of glucose |
| chlorophyll | a light-absorbing chemical, a pigment, or colored substance, that traps the energy in sunlight and converts it to chemical energy |
| cellular respiration | a process in which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars such as glucose |
| fermentation | a chemical process by which cells release energy from sugar when no oxygen is present |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules spread out, or move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| concentration gradient | the difference between the areas of high and low concentration |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a membrane without using the cell’s energy |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| active transport | the process of using energy to move materials through a membrane |
| endocytosis | process that occurs when a large bit of material goes through a cell membrane and moves into the cell |
| exocytosis | process that occurs when a large bit of material goes through a cell membrane and moves out of the cell |
