| A | B |
|---|
| Thyroid gland | One of the largest endocrine glands in the body. |
| Parathyroid gland | Consists of 4 tiny bodies in rear of thyroid gland. |
| Calcitonin | Hormone produced in thyroid gland that regulates serum calcium levels. |
| PTH | Hormone produced in the parathyroid gland that regulates serum calcium levels. |
| TSH | Hormone that stimulates the production of T3 and T4. |
| TRH | Hormone that stimulates the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid to release TSH. |
| Recurrent laryngeal nerves | Pass through thyroid, control vocal cords. |
| T4 | Hormone released by the thyroid gland that controls metabolism. |
| Thyroid storm | Life-threatening emergency that occurs with hyperthyroidism. |
| Exopthalmos | Bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. |
| Thyrotoxicosis | Rare, but severe complication of hyperthyroidism (aka “thyroid storm”). |
| Kidney stones | Complication of hyperparathyroidism that results from increased calcium and phosphorus excretion. |
| Thyroxine | Another name for T4 |
| Thyroiditis | Inflammation of the thyroid. |
| Hashimoto’s | One specific type of thyroiditis that is immune-mediated. |
| Synthroid | Medication used as synthetic hormone replacement (aka “levothyroxine”). |
| PTU | Medication that inhibits production of thyroid hormones (aka “propylthiouricil”). |
| Hypermagnesemia | Electrolyte imbalance associated with hypothyroidism. |
| Hypocalcemia | Electrolyte imbalance associated with hypoparathyroidism. |
| Beta blockers | Class of medication used to treat palpitations associated with hyperthyroidism. |
| Grave’s disease | Thyroid disorder characterized by goiter, exophthalmos, “orange peel” skin, and hyperthyroidism; caused by antibody-mediated auto-immune reaction. |
| Myxedema | Dry, waxy, non-pitting edema usually due to prolonged hypothyroidism, characterized by edema of hands, face, feet, and periorbital tissue. |
| Myxedema coma | Extreme manifestation of hypothyroidism; uncommon but potentially fatal condition. |
| Goiter | Swelling of neck due to enlarged thyroid (either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism). |
| Increased | Level of TSH with hypothyroidism. |
| Decreased | Level of TSH with hyperthyroidism. |
| Euthyroid | State of having normal thyroid gland function. |
| Hypokalemia | Major side effect of furosemide (Lasix) therapy. |
| Glucocorticoids | Class of steroid medications that are given in conjunction with Calcitonin to enhance its effectiveness. |
| Chvostek’s sign | Abnormal spasm o facial muscles elicited by light taps on the facial nerve in patients who are hypocalcemic. |
| Trousseau’s sign | Elicited by placing BP cuff around upper arm, inflating it greater than systolic BP, and keeping inflated for 1 to 4 minutes; hands and fingers go into spasm. |
| Calcium and Vitamin D | Treatment for hypoparathyroidism. |
