| A | B |
|---|
| city-state | independent communities that follow their own traditions, laws and government |
| democracy | government where people rule themselves |
| assassinate | to murder for political reasons |
| acropolis | a high place near rocky hills |
| Hellenistic | modeled after Greek cities and culture |
| plague | widespread disease |
| philosopher | person who used reason to understand natural events |
| aristocrat | a member of a rich and powerful family |
| tribute | payment made to a more powerful nation for protection |
| blockade | to close a harbor to defeat an enemy |
| peninsula | a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides |
| agora | a public market and meeting place in center of town |
| barbarian | a person considered to be uncivilized |
| Tojan War | Troy vs Greece |
| Persian War | Athens vs Persia |
| Peloponnesian War | Sparta vs Athens |
| Cause of Trojan War | Prince Paris accused of kidnapping Helen, wife of King Menelaus |
| Cause of Persia War | The Persians were taking over Greece |
| Cause of Peloponnesian War | Athens was acting too powerful, resented by some other city-states |
| Strategy used to win Trojan War | Greek warriors hid inside a huge wooden horse that entered Troy allowing attack |
| Strategy used to win Persian War | Athens with its small army led a sneak attack on the Persian army |
| Strategy used to win the Peloponnesian War | Sparta staged a blockade against Athens closing its harbor. |
| Greece | winner of Trojan War |
| Athens | Winner of Persian War |
| Sparta | Winner of Peloponnesian War |
| Geography of islands of Greece | rocky, small and rugged |
| Influence of Greece's landforms in way of life | 1/5 good for farming, lots of water good for fishing & trading, sailors |
| According to Greek legend what started the Trojan War | the kidnapping of Helen |
| 1100 BC until 750 BC | Greece's dark ages |
| Athens | the Greek city which became center for government where citizens governed themselves |
| Epics | long poems like the Iliad and Odyssey which tell about Trojan War |
| Tyrant | a ruler supported by middle and working class; seized power by force |
| Homer | blind poet who told stories (wrote Odysse and Iliad) |
| Solon | won power to reform laws - he was fair |
| 3 forms of government after the dark ages | Democracy, Aristocracy and Tyrrany |
| Men who were citizens | they benefited most from democracy because they were free and self governing |
| 479 BC until 431 BC | Greece's Golden Age |
| Achievements of Golden age | Art, Philosophy and Literature |
| Pericles | Main political leader during Golden Age |
| Artistic Accomplishments of Golden Age | rebuilt buildings after war and made sculptures |
| Thales | Philosopher that believed that water was the basic material of the world |
| Democritus | Philosopher that thought that everything was made of tiny particles called atoms |
| Socrates | Philosopher that eagerly discussed wisdom and goodness |
| Athenians | the first people to write drama |
| two types of drama | comedy and tragedy |
| Tragedy | serious play that often ends in tragedy for the main character |
| Comedy | drama that made fun of citizens and politicians |
| Philosopher | person who uses the power of his mind and reason to understand natural events |
| Immortal | to live forever |
| Tribute | cities in Athenian empire and ally's paid this to add to wealth |
| 3 styles of Greek Columns | Ionic, Doric and Corinthian |
| Doric column | strong simple style usually with 24 flutes |
| Ionic Column | tall and slender column with rounded base and scroll shaped top |
| Corinthian Column | most ornate or elaborate style with leaf carvings |
| Aphrodite | Goddess of love and beauty |
| Zeus | King of the Gods, God of Heavens |
| Hera | Queen of the Gods, Zeus' wife |
| Poseidon | God of the Sea |
| Apollo | God of light, truth, healing, archery and music |
| Athena | Goddess of wisdom, arts and crafts and protector of the city |
| Public market and meeting place | what all Greek cities Agora was like |
| Men in Athens | discussed politics and philosophy in an Agora |
| 1/3 of the population of Athens | about this many people were slaves in Athens |
| Acropolis | Center of Athens religious life, agora center of public life |
| Women | took care of the home and family in Athens |
| Greek slaves actvities | farm, mining, building |
| Olympic Games | Honored the God Zeus |
| Purchases from and Agora | food, sheeps wool, pottery, hardware, cloth and books |
| Spartan main way of life | to train the men and boys to fight |
| Athenian way of life | train for Olympics, philosophise |
| Role of Spartan women | compete in wrestling and spear throwing, live healthy and have strong babies |
| Role of Athenia women | stay home and tend to family duties |
| Spartan attitude toward learning | Only wanted to train for war |
| Athenian attitude toward learning | cared about art, learning and Olympics |
| Euclid | developed Grometry |
| Eratostenes | calculated the distance around the world and knew it was round |
| Archimedes | great scientist who discpvered the pully and lever |
| Athenians thought | Macedonians were Barbarians or uncivilized |
| Aristotle | Alexander's ttor |
| 338 BC | Phillip conquers, controls and unites Greece |
| 332 BC | Alexander founded Alexandria in Egypt and ruled the delta |
| 323 BC | Alexander died, Hellinistic age divides his empire into 3 kingdoms |
