| A | B |
|---|
| domestication | the art of taming animals and plants for human use |
| republic | the form of govenment in which the leader is not a king or queen but a person elected by the citizens |
| geologist | a scientist who studies the history of the earth through its rocks |
| historians | a person who studies and writes about the human past |
| Judaism | the religion of the Jewish people |
| migration | movement of groups of people from one place to another |
| monarchy | the system of government in which a king or queen rules |
| nomad | a person who regularly moves from place to place |
| nomadic | characterized by moving from place to place |
| philosophy | the study of the nature and meaning of life |
| polytheism | the belief in more than one god |
| prehistory | the story of people before people developed writing |
| monotheism | the belief in one God |
| civilization | a complex society with cities, organized government, art , religion, class divisions, and a writing system |
| archaeologists | a scientist who learns about past human life by studying fossils and artifacts |
| artifacts | weapon, tool, or other item made by humans |
| city states | an independent state made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages |
| anthropologists | a scientist who studies the physical characteristics and cultures of humans and their ancestors |
| barter economy | to exchange goods without using money |
| Buddhism | a religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha; it taught that the way to find truth was to give up all desires |
| caste system | people of a society are grouped according to family into which they were born |
| Christianity | the religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ |
| dynasty | a line of rulers from the same family |
| exploration | the act traveling to an unknown area for the purpose of discovering or investigating |
| feudal system | a system of trading loyalties for protection in the Middle Ages |
| Hinduism | a religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation |
| impact | the force or action of one object on another |
| irrigation | to bring water to an area by means of channels, streams, or pipes |
| Islam | the religion of the Muslim people based on the belief in one god, Allah |
| Judaism | the religion of the Jewish people based on the belief in one God and the teachings of the Old Testament |
| merchant | a person whose business is buying and selling merchandise for a profit |
| middle ages | the period of European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance |
| polytheism | the belief in and/or the worship of more than one god |
| oligarchy | a form of government in which power is held by only a few people |
| Renaissance | a revival of European art and learning that began in Italy during the 14th century |
| romance language | a language that developed directly from Latin such as French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese |
| dynasty | the line of rulers from the same family |
