| A | B |
|---|
| Carbohydrate | a biomolecule that provides quick energy |
| Lipid | used for long term energy storage; will not dissolve in water (nonpolar) |
| Protein | a multiple purpose molecule made of C, H, O, and N |
| Nucleic Acid | a biomolecule composed of C, H, O, N, and P; RNA and DNA are examples |
| Monomer | a building block |
| Polymer | a large molecule made by the joining of smaller molecules |
| Dehydration Synthesis | process that joins monomers together to form larger molecules |
| Glucose | a simple sugar with the formula C 6H12 O6; used for food by nearly all organisms |
| Sucrose | a disaccharide with a common name of table sugar; made from combining glucose and fructose together |
| Cellulose | a polysaccharide that provides structural support for plant cells |
| Glycogen | a polysaccharide that is stored in the liver and muscles of animals |
| Starch | a polysaccharide that is made by plants as a way of storing sugar molecules; seeds such as rice, wheat, and corn contain it |
| Macromolecule | a name given to large molecules that are synthesized by all organisms |
| Monosaccharide | the smallest of the sugars; glucose and fructose are examples |
| Hydroysis | the breaking down of biomolecules into smaller components |
| Digestion | another name for hydrolysis |
| Synthesis | the building or making of molecules |
| Amino Acid | the monomer of proteins |
| Fatty Acid | along with glycerol is a building block for lipids |
| Fat | a type of lipid that is solid at room temp and is formed from animals |
| Oil | a type of lipid that is a liquid at room temp and is plant based |
| Unsaturated Fats | type of lipid that is the best option for a diet |
| Saturated Fats | type of lipid associated with diseases of the arteries |
| Peptide Bond | a type of covalent bond that joins amino acids together |
| Polypeptide | another name for a protein; long chain of amino acids |
| Enzyme | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells |
| Activation Energy | initial energy needed to start a reaction; lowered by enzymes |
| Active site | part of the enzyme where a reaction occurs |
| Substrate | the molecule that an enzyme acts on |
| Denature | to destroy the shape of a enzyme by high temperature or pH changes |
| ATP | useable cell energy |
| Nucleotide | building block of a DNA or RNA molecule |
| Catalyst | substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction; enzymes are also called this |
| ose | suffix associated with sugars |
| ase | suffix associated with enzymes |
