| A | B |
|---|
| Executive Order | issued by the president they have the force of law but can be overriden by congress or declared unconstitutional. |
| Executive Agreement | signed by the president and a foreign head of state it does not have to be ratified by the senate but only lasts as long as that president is in office |
| Executive Privilege | right of the president and his staff to withhold information from courts or congress. Designed to give pres confidentiality in his staff. |
| Impoundment of funds | president refusing to release money appropriated by congress from treasury |
| US vs. Nixon | case that limited executive privilege declaring it could not be claimed in all cases. |
| US vs. Curtiss Wright Export Corp | case that upheld emergency powers of the president in the realm of foriegn policy |
| INS v. Chadha | case that declared the legislative veto unconstitutional |
| Budget and Impoundment Act | declared that the president must release funds appropriated by Congress or inform congress if he delays funds |
| White House Office | The close assistants to the president who work specifically for him and not as a representative of another agency |
| Executive offfice of the President (EOP) | a group of agencies supporting the president not housed in a cabinet department. They perform specific services and tasks and vary in their closeness to the president |
| The Cabinet | the 15 major service departments of the US government |
| The Office of Management and Budget | agency in the EOP that prepares the President's budget that he submits to Congress |
| Independent Executive Agencies | Agencies not in a cabinet dept that report directly to the president (ex CIA, EPA). |
| Independent Regulatory Agencies | Independent agencies that regulate a certain aspect of the country or economy. Pres appoints their head but they serve for fixed terms (ex Fed Reserve, FCC, SEC) |
| National Security Council | committee that meets with the president representing various interests in national security policy. |
| Government Corporation | businesses owned by the federal government and run for profit (ex. USPS, Amtrak) |
| Committee Clearance | Congressional Committees trying to get a regulatory agency to check with the legislative committee before making rules and regulations |
| Legislative Veto | allowed Congressional committees to overrule a decision made by the executive branch. It has been declared unconstitutional |
| Pendleton Act | (aka civil sevice reform act) established that government jobs be awarded on basis of competitve examinations |
| Hatch Act | limited the political activity of federal employees. Designed to prevent people in executive branch from being pressured to support a certain candidate or party |
| National Perfomrance Review | Reorganization effort by the Clinton Admininstration to try to make government more efficient |
| Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 | split the civil service commission into two new agencies the OPM and Merit Systems Protection Board |
| Office of Personel and Management | agency that administers civil service exams and makes recommendations on who agencies should hire |
| Merit Systems Protection Board | Agency that investigates wrongdoing in the executive branch. Designed to protect the integrity of the civil service system |
| Privatization | reform attempt that would turn over services provided by the government to private companies |
| Chief of Staff | head of the White House Office, manages the White House Staff |
| Iron Triangle | Three way alliance between Agencies, Congressional Committees and Interest groups that many say dictates policy |
