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| Rafter | One of a series of structural members of a roof designed to support roof loads. A sloping beam from the ridge to the eaves to which the roof cover is attached. |
| Sheathing | The structural covering, usually wood boards or plywood used over studs or rafters of a structure. |
| Roof Shingles | Asphalt are the typical roof covering. |
| Guttering | A through attached to the Fascia boards for carrying water away from the foundation. |
| Fascia | A vertical borad nailed on to the ends of the rafters. |
| Soffit | Usually the underside of an overhanging cornice, which is part of the roof that projects from the wall. |
| Crown Molding | A decorative molding used occasionally under a crown molding. |
| Dental Molding | A decorative molding used at the tops of cabinets, at ceiling corners and sometimes for ornamental reasons under a roof overhang. |
| Freeze Board | A horizontal member connecting the top of the siding with the soffit of the cornice when fascia is not used. |
| Brick Veneer | A facing of brick laid against and fastened to sheathing of a frame wall. |
| 1" Air Space | Used as an insulation and for stabilization of any wall shifting over time as the soil settles. |
| Grade | The surface of the ground around a building. |
| Parge Coat | A thin coat of cement plaster applied to a masonry wall for refinement of the surface or for dampproofing |
| Pea Gravel | Used for drainage. |
| Drain Tile | 4" perferrated black plastic with drainage holes in the top. |
| Ridge Board | The board placed on edge at the rdge of the roof into which the upper ends of the rafters are fastened. |
| Wind Beam | Also called a purlin and a collar tie. It is a horizontal tie between rafters near the ridge to help resist the tendancy of the rafters to seperate. They are spaced out evenly and not usually located on every rafter. Usually found in older homes, houses with steep roofs, and houses where snow is common to accumulate on the roof. |
| Ceiling Joists | A horizontal structural member which supports the ceiling system. The size of the joists required depends upon the laod to be supported, span distance, wood specie, spacing of the joists and grade of the lumber used. |
| Double Top Plates | A horizontal framing member of a frame wall supporting the ceiling joists. |
| Fire Stop | A solid tight closure of a concealed space, placed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke through such a space. In a frame wall this is will usually consist of 2 x 4 cross blocking between studs |
| Stud | The vertical framing member of a wall typically 2 x 4's actually measuring 1-5/8" x 3-5/8" depending on the lumber used. The lumber may be douglas fir, southern yellow pine, hemlock, spruce or larch. Construction grades studs or equivalent will have a moisture content between 15% and 19% and usually placed every 16" on center. |
| Wall Sheathing | Also called weatherboard, it is the structural covering usually made of 1/2" or 3/4" wood boards used over tuds or rafters of a structure. |
| Sole Plate | Also called a bottom plate, it is a bottom horizontal member of a frame wall that is usually made of 2 x 4's. |
| Subfloor | The flooring surface that is laid on the floor joint and serves as a nailing surface. |
| Girder | A large or principle beam of wood or steel used to support concentrated loads at isolated points along its length at the foundation level. |
| Header | A beam placed perpendicular to joits and to which joists are nailed in framing. |
| Floor Joists | A horizontal structural framing member which supports the flooring system. |
| Termite Shield | A shield, usually of noncorrosive metal placed in or on a foundation wall or other mass of masonry or around pipes to prevent passage of termites. |
| Mud Sill | The lowest member of a frame structure, resting on the foundation and supporting the floor joists. |
| Ledger Strip | A strip of lumber nailed along the bottom of the side of a girder on which the joists rest. |
| Pier | A masonry pillar usually below a building to support the floor framing. |
| Footing | The lowest member of a foundation system used to spread the loads of a structure |
