| A | B |
|---|
| Germany | country where the Reformation began |
| John Huss | accused church leaders of spreading heresy and was condemned and burned at Constance |
| Lollards | Wycliffe's followers who were imprisoned, burned, and tortured at the stake |
| John Wycliffe | "Morning Star of the Reformation" |
| Martin Luther | studied the Scriptures and determined that salvation is by faith alone |
| Leo X | pope during the Reformation |
| treasury of merits | "excess works" of the saints stored in heaven |
| Johann Tetzel | priest who sold indulgences in Martin Luther's parish |
| indulgences | certificates which supposedly grant pardon from the punishment of sins |
| Leo X | moved to action when Luther's protests of selling indulgences caused people to stop buying them |
| John Eck | Roman Catholic who debated Luther at Leipzig |
| Charles V | called for a hearing, Diet of Worms, to determine's Luther guilt or innocence |
| Martin Luther | "Here I stand. I can do no other." |
| Augsburg Confession | written in 1530; became the doctrinal standard for the Lutheran church |
| Francis I | French king who was particularly concerned that his country was encircled by Charles's possessions |
| Augsburg Confession | official statement of Lutheran beliefs as written by Melanchthon |
| Anabaptists | religious groups who opposed infant baptisms |
| Ulrich Zwingli | Luther-like reformer of the church in Zurich, Switzerland |
| Calvinism | emphasizes the sovereignty of God |
| John Calvin | wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion which is an outline of Christian doctrine |
| Henry VIII | broke away from the Catholic church because he wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon |
| Act of Supremacy | made the king the "supreme head" of the church of England |
| Act of Supremacy | completed the break between England and the papacy |
| Act of Supremacy | placed the English church under the direct control of the state |
| Thomas Cranmer | compiled the Book of Common Prayer |
| Thomas Cranmer | appointed as archbishop of Canterbury by Henry VIII |
| Edward VI | son of Henry VIII; required the use of Book of Common Prayer and the Forty-two Articles for church services |
| Mary I | daughter of Henry VIII;executed Thomas Cranmer along with 300 others; earned the nickname "Bloody Mary" |
| Elizabeth I | the never married but very popular queen of England who ruled for 45 years; considered to be married to the throne |
| Elizabeth I | "Good Queen Bess" |
| Elizabethan Settlement | established the Anglican church as the state church of England |
| Mary I | queen of England who died childless ending her husband's, Philip II of Spain, claim to the throne of England |
| Elizabeth I | sponsored the Thirty-nine Articles and refused to marry Philip II |
| Philip II | son of Charles V; ruler of Spain, the Netherlands, and the New World; husband of Mary I of England |
| Philip II | Spanish ruler whose armada was defeated by Elizabeth I |
| Sir Francis Drake | commander of the English naval forces under Elizabeth I that defeated the Spanish Armada |
| Anglican Church | also known as the Church of England; embraced Protestant doctrines while retaining some elements of the Catholic traditions |
| Separatists | Protestants in England who chose to remove themselves from the church when it refused to change |
| Puritans | English Protestants who wanted to remove Catholic influences from the Anglican church |
| Mary Stuart | Roman Catholic queen of Scotland |
| John Knox | led Scotland to become a Protestant nation and started the Presbytarian Church |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | 20,000 Hugenots were killed under the influence of Catherine de Medici, mother of the French king |
| William the Silent | also known as William of Orange; Dutch leader who led the protestants to revolt against Philip II |
| Henry IV | French Protestant king who converted to Catholicism to appease the people and secure the throne |
| Henry IV | "Paris is well worth a mass." |
| Counter-Reformation | an attempt by Catholic leaders to clean up the outwardly visible moral problems of the Catholic church |
| Jesuit order | also known as The Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola for the purpose of supressing heresy and promoting Roman Catholic education |
| Jesuits | believed it was acceptable to do wrong in order to accomplish good |
| Index (1559) | a list of books prohibited by the Catholic church |
| Council of Trent | a meeting to discuss doctrinal issues and needed reforms in the Catholic church |
