| A | B |
|---|
| civil | an issue or problem between citizens of the same country or nation |
| convince | to make a person believe or agree |
| found | to start or establish |
| interpret | to explain the meaning of something |
| item | a separate part of a group |
| link | to join separate things together |
| promote | to help grow or develop |
| recover | to regain normal health or purpose |
| secure | to provide safety |
| acupuncture | Chinese practice of easing pain by sticking thin needles into patients' skin |
| aristocrat | noble whose wealth came from land ownership |
| bureaucracy | a group of appointed officials who are responsible for different areas of government |
| Confucianism | system of beliefs introduced by the Chinese thinker Confucius; taught that people needed to have a sense of duty to their family and community in order to bring peace to society |
| currency | a type of money |
| Dao | the proper way Chinese kings were expected to rule under the Mandate of Heaven |
| Daoism | Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns |
| dynasty | line of rulers from the same family |
| filial piety | children's respect for their parents and older relatives, an important part of Confucian beliefs |
| ideograph | a character that joins two or more pictographs to represent an idea |
| Legalism | Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws |
| mandate | formal order |
| pictograph | a character that stands for an object |
| social class | group of people who share a similar position in society |
| Anyang | ancient city in northern China built during the Shang dynasty, it was China's first capital |
| Chang Jiang | river known as the Yangtze, which flows for about 3,400 miles east across central China and empties into the Yellow Sea |
| Confucius | Born in 551 B.C., China's first great thinker and teacher wanted to bring peace to society; he urged people to treat others the way they would like to be treated; his followers wrote down his sayings and spread his message throughout China |
| Guangzhou | a present-day city in southern China; in ancient China, under Qin Shihuangdi, a huge canal was built that connected the Chang Jiang river in central China to what is today the city of Guangzhou |
| Hanfeizi | a scholar who developed the teachings of Legalism during the 200s B.C.; taught that humans were naturally evil and believed they needed to be forced to do their duty |
| Huang He | a 2900-mile-long river that flows across China; known as the Yellow River, it gets its name from the rich yellow soil it caries from Mongolia to the Pacific Ocean |
| Laozi | ancient Chinese philosopher known as the "Old Master;" he lived around the same time as Confucius; Daoism is based on the teachings of Laozi |
| Liu Bang | a military leader who founded the Han dynasty in 202 B.C. |
| Luoyang | the capital of the Han dynasty, this city was attacked by a rebel army in A.D. 190 |
| Qin Shihuangdi | In 221 B.C., the ruler of the powerful state of Qin, he declared himself "the First Qin Emperor" and based his rule on the ideas of Legalism |
| Silk Road | a large network of difficult and dangerous trade routes that stretched 4,000 miles overland from western China to Southwest Asia; merchants used this road between 200 B.C. and A.D. 100 to carry silks, spices, tea, and porcelain |
| Wu Wang | an aristocrat who led a rebellion against the Shang in 1045 B.C.; he began a new dynasty called the Zhou; the Zhou dynasty ruled for more than 800 years, longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history |
