| A | B |
|---|
| The French first estate was composed of who? | the clergy |
| Who made up the 2nd estate? | the nobility |
| Which of the 3 estates had the largest tax burden? | 3rd estate- the middle class landowners and peasants |
| Who was king of France during the French Revolution? | Louis XVI |
| Who was Queen of France during the French Revolution? | Marie Antoinette, from Austria |
| Where did the 3rd estate hold their meeting to demand a voice in governing? | a tennis court |
| What did the Tennis Oath establish? | A national assembly including the 3rd estate |
| What enlightened political statement of purpose was issued by the National Assembly? | Declaration of the Rights of Man |
| The National Assembly established what type of government? | a republic |
| The French Constitution of 1791 gave who the vote? | all males |
| What event was the result of Parisians attempting to gain weapons to protect the National Assembly from the king's army? | the storming of the Bastille |
| What was the 1789 rural disburances called that lead peasants to loot landlords property? | the Great Fear |
| The National Assembly in 1789 wrote a statement of broad political principles prior to their 1st constitution. What was the document named? | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| Who authored the Declaration of the Rights of Woman? | Olympe de Gouges |
| What were two results of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy? | The French Catholic Church was made a branch of the state and priests were elected and paid by the state |
| What National Assembly legislation caused the most disruption and opposition to the new revolutionary policies? | The Civil Consitution of the Clergy |
| Who were the emigres? | French noblemen who fled France to organize a counterrevolution |
| What was the best organized and eventually most radical political club in France by 1791? | Jacobins |
| What foreign policy by the National Assembly lead to radicalization of the revolution and the first republic? | Declaration of war against Austria and Prussia |
| Who were the most radical of the Jacobins due to their working class background? | sans-culottes |
| The sans-culottes most radical political meetings were called what? | the Paris Commune |
| Who was the British conservative critic of Reflections on the Revolution in France? | Edmund Burke |
| What body served as executive of the French govt under the first Republic (1793), directed the war efforts and protected the revolution from enemies at home? | Committee of Public Safety |
| The concept of the Republic of Virtue was based on what Enlightenment writer and his political ideas? | Rousseau's Social Contract: championing the general will over individual interests |
| Who best embodied the republic of virtue defended by terror? | Robespierre |
| What ended the reign of terror? | the radical Jacobins turned on each other and Robespierre was executed |
| What was Robespierre attempt to creat a civic religion called? | Cult of the Supreme Being |
| What event followed the Reign of Terror? | TheThermidorian Reaction |
| What was the Thermidorian Reaction? | A moderating of the extreme radical policies and a new 1793 constitution controlled by wealthy middle class |
| What French revolutionary figure called for equalizing of property in 1796 which is the background for European socialists? | Gracchus Babeuf (1760-1796) |
| Under the 1793 constitution who ruled France as the executive body? | the Directory |
| Who defended the Directory against a royalist coup? | Napoleon |
| List four examples of how Napoleon carried out the French revolution's ideals. | Civil Code of 1804 (Napoleonic Code) est uniformity/equality under the law, bureaucracy and military by merit, public edu, Concordat of 1801 made state supreme over Church |
| How did Napoleon violate the French revolution's ideals? | Censured press, limited elections, put away political opponents |
| In what battle did the British defeat Napoleon's navy? | Trafalgar (1805) |
| What nations did Napoleon defeat by 1806? | Austria, Prussia, and western German provinces |
| Napoleon did not defeat this eastern European nation? | Russia and Alexander I |
| Since Napoleon could not invade Britain what program did he implement against them to destroy their economy? | Continental system |
| What caused Napoleon's downfall? | Spanish rebellion and Russian violation of the blockade |
| What military alliance defeated Napoleon? | Quadruple alliance>Brit, Aust, Russia, and Prussia |
| What agreement sought to reverse Napoleon's liberal influence over Europe? | Congress of Vienna |
| Who was the architect of the Congress of Vienna? | Metternich |
| The Congress of Vienna created what foreign policy status quo for Europe? | a balance of power with conservative governments |
| What enforced the Congress of Vienna settlement? | Concert of Europe |
| The Prussian king implement what limiting speech and press in 1819 due to students demanding liberal reforms? | Carlsbad Decrees |
| The European Romantic Movement influenced the American literary movement called? | transcendentialist |
| What values were important to the Romantics? | individualism, truth is found in nature, emotion is important and not rationalism alone |
| Which of Rousseau's works was the foundation for romanticism by stressing maximun individual freedom? | Emile |
| Name the German philosopher who in The Critique of Pure Reason (1781) accepts rationalism but argues for human freedom, immortality and the existence of God? | Immanuel Kant |
| Name a famous English Romantic poet. | Wordsworth or Byron |
| Who was the French Romantic novelist who wrote Les Misesibles? | Victor Hugo |
| What new protestant religion was a reaction against deism and the rationalism of the Anglicans? | Methodism |
| Who was the father of Methodism? | John Wesley |
| He maintained that history could be explained as cycles of conflict and synthesis. | Friedrich Hegel |
| Hegel influenced whose later theory of history as a class struggle? | Karl Marx |
