| A | B |
|---|
| Galvanic (unipolar) current | direct current (DC) |
| Faradic (bipolar) current | alternating current (AC) |
| low frequency rate | < 1,000 Hz |
| medium frequency rate | 1,000-100,000 Hz |
| high frequency rate | > 100,000 Hz |
| term for + or - | polarity |
| electromotive force that literally pushes the current through the tissue | voltage |
| the electricity that flows through the patient that is mearsure by amperage | current |
| number of times per second that a certain electrical flow or pulse is repeaded | pulse rate |
| positive pole/pad is called? | anode |
| negative pole/pad is called? | cathode |
| the term for putting a chemical on skin and driving it in with a current | iontophoresis |
| used for iontophoresis, pads are placed around the area of pain, constant frequency, very mild intesnity, 10-15 minutes | galvanic/low volt DC |
| decreases mm spasm, edema; pain control; increase vascularity, healing; slow atrophy, muscle re-educating & increased ROM; trace mm fibers, surround pain; up to 120 Hz; done to mm contraction, 10-15 min | sinusoidal/low volt AC, sine wave, muscle stim |
| decrease mm spasm, edema, atrophy; pain control, increase healing, mm re-education; trace mm fibers of injured area, up to 200 Hz, intensity to PT perception, 10-15 min | faradic/low volt |
| pain control only, along area of pain/related dermatome, up to 100+ Hz, intensity to patient perception, on going treatment time | TENS unit |
| TENS unit stands for | Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stim |
| decreases mm spasm, edema; pain control; increase vascularity, healing; slow atrophy, muscle re-educating & increased ROM; up to 120 Hz, to PT perception, 10-15 min, trace mm fibers of painful region | high volt DC (moving fluids) |
| for pain & edema, intensity to PT perception, frequency depends on injury status, 10-15 min, four pads criss crossed or two pads used | interferential current |
| name of two pad interferential current | pre-modulated |
| chronic pain frequency and mediator released for interferential current | 3-5 Hz, endorphin released |
| acute pain frequency and mediator released for interferential current | 80-150 Hz, enkephalin released |
| sub acute pain frequency and mediator released for interferential current | 1-150 Hz, endorphin & enkephalin |
| nerve block pain frequency for interferential current | 4000 Hz |
| reduces mm atrophy, best current to build mm; intensity to mm contraction, 2000-10,000 Hz, 10 sec off/50 sec off, 10-15 min | russian stim |
| promotes healing & pain control, intensity to PT perception, less than 1 Hz, around injured/painful region, 3-15 min | microcurrent |
| circulation of heated particles in a liquid or gas medium (i.e. whirlpool) | convection |
| transmission of energy through the air, cuasing heating in the tissue but not in the intervening air (i.e. infrared) | radiation |
| electrical energy chnaged into heat energy (i.e. diathermy) | conversion |
| transfer of heat through a substance (i.e. moist hot packs) | conduction |
| what may occur if heat is applied in excess of 30 minutes? | rebound vasoconstriction |
