| A | B |
|---|
| genetic disorder | abnormal condition a person inherits thru genes or chromosomes |
| mutations | genetic disorders are caused by ___, changes in a persons DNA |
| Cystic Fibrosis | abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines, making it hard to breathe; caused by recessive allele |
| Sickle Cell | mis-shapen, or sickled, red blood cells; damage to many tissues; caused by codominant alleles |
| Down Syndrome | genetic disorder due to an extra copy of chromosome #21 |
| sex-linked | often called Genes on the X chromosome |
| carrier | person who had one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele |
| pedigree | chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| karyotype | picture of homologous chromosomes arranged in pairs |
| autosomes | chromosones that are NOT sex-linked |
| nondisjunction | error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate; can lead to chromosomal disorders: down syndrome, klinefelter's syndrome or turner's syndrome |
| sex chromosomes | one of two chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual |
| PKU (phenylketonuria) | a build up of phenylalanine in tissues; mental retardation; caused by recessive allele |
| Tay-Sachs disease | nervous system breakdown; lipid accumulation in brain cells; early childhood death; caused by recessive allele |
| Acrondroplasia | dwarfism (one form); caused by dominant allele |
| Huntington disease | mental deterioration; usually appears in middle age; caused by dominant allele |
| albinism | lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes; lacks melanin |
| Hemophilia | x-linked recessive; protein that clots blood is missing |
| Muscular dystrophy | weakening & loss of skeletal muscles causing paralysis & death; sex-linked disorder |
| Colorblindness | x-linked; inability to distinguish colors (red and green) |
| Turner syndrome | XO female; only one X chromosome |
| Klinefelter's syndrome | Males with extra X chromosome; XXY |
| Trisomy | extra human chromosome: 47 chromosome |
| Monosomy | one less chromosome; 45 chromosomes |
