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Chapter 14: Human Disorders Vocabulary

Review of Chapter 14 vocabulary

AB
genetic disorderabnormal condition a person inherits thru genes or chromosomes
mutationsgenetic disorders are caused by ___, changes in a persons DNA
Cystic Fibrosisabnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines, making it hard to breathe
Sickle Cellmis-shapen, or sickled, red blood cells; damage to many tissues
Down Syndromegenetic disorder due to an extra copy of chromosome #21
sex-linkedoften called Genes on the X chromosome
carrierperson who had one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele
pedigreechart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
karyotypepicture of homologous chromosomes arranged in pairs
autosomeschromosones that are NOT sex-linked
nondisjunctionerror in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate
sex chromosomesone of two chromosomes that determine the sex of the individual
PKU (phenylketonuria)a build up of phenylalanine in tissues; mental retardation
Tay-Sachs diseasenervous system breakdown; lipid accumulation in brain cells; early childhood death
Acrondroplasiadwarfism (one form)
Huntington diseasemental deterioration; usually appears in middle age
albinismlack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes; lacks melanin
Hemophiliax-linked recessive; protein that clots blood is missing
Muscular dystrophyweakening & loss of skeletal muscles causing paralysis & death
Colorblindnessx-linked; inability to distinguish colors (red and green)
Turner syndromeXO female; only one X chromosome
Klinefelter's syndromeMales with extra X chromosome; XXY
Trisomyextra human chromosome: 47 chromosome
Monosomyone less chromosome; 45 chromosomes


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