| A | B |
|---|
| selective breeding | method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation |
| hybridization | breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms |
| inbreeding | continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics |
| polyploid | having many sets of chromosomes |
| genetic engineering | process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms |
| restriction enzyme | enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides |
| gel elctrophoresis | procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel |
| recombinant DNA | DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene |
| plasmid | circular DNA molecule found in bacteria |
| genetic marker | gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid with foreign DNA from those that don't |
| transgenic | term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms |
| clone | member of a population of genetically identical organisms produced from a single cell |
