| A | B |
|---|
| cell | basic unit of organization in living things |
| cell theory | all organisms are made up of one or more cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| compound light microscope | microscope that uses lenses and light |
| electron microscope | uses electrons to give a detailed image of a cell |
| eukaryote | contains organelles |
| nucleus | controls the cell |
| organelle | part of a cell |
| prokaryote | a cell that only has chromatin and no organelles |
| fluid mosaic model | describes a plasma membrane |
| homeostasis | regulation of internal environment to maintain conditions for survival |
| phospholipid | lipds with an attached phosphate groups |
| cell membrane | selectively permeable barrier |
| selective permeability | cell chooses what passes through membrane |
| transport protein | creates selectively permeable membrane |
| cell wall | outer part of a plant cell made of cellulose |
| chlorophyll | converts sunlight into energy for the cell |
| chloroplast | contains the chlorophyll |
| chromatin | strands of DNA |
| cilia | short version of a whip like structure that helps cell move |
| cytoplasm | the fluid inside of cells |
| cytoskeleton | made up of microtubules and microfilaments |
| endoplasmic reticulum | where the ribosomes live |
| flagella | long whip like structure which helps cell move |
| Golgi aparatus | packages proteins |
| lysosome | contains digestive enzymes |
| mcrofilament | thin, solid, protein fibers that provide structural support for cells |
| microtubule | thin hollow cylinder made of protein providing support |
| mitochondria | supplies energy by converting food |
| nucleus | commands the cell |
| plastid | a group of plant organelles used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments |
| ribosome | manufactures proteins |
| vacuole | storage unit |
| active transport | energy expending process |
| endocytosis | active transport process where a cell engulfs a material |
| exocytosis | active transport process by which materials are secreted from a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | passive transport of a material across a plasma membrane |
| hypertonic solution | solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than inside |
| hypotonic solution | solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell |
| isotonic solution | solution in which the concentration of dissoved substances is the same on both sides |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | movement of particles across cell membranes by diffusion or osmosis |
| anaphase | phase of mitosis where the centromeres split |
| cell cycle | continuous sequence of growth (interphase) |
| centriole | a pair of small cylindrical structures composed of micotubules that duplicate during interphase |
| centromere | cell structure that joins two sister chromatids |
| chromatin | long tangled strands of DNA |
| chromosome | cell structures that carry the genetic mateial |
| cytokinesis | cell process following mitosis in which the cell's cytoplasm divides and separates into new cells |
| interphase | cell growth phase where the cell increases in size |
| metaphase | short second phase of mitosis where doubled chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle |
| mitosis | period of nuclear cell division |
| organ | group of two or more tissues organized to perform complex activities within an organism |
| organ system | multiple organs that work together to perform a specific life function |
| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis |
| sister chromatid | identical halves of duplicated parent chromosomes |
| spindle | cell structures composed of microtubules fibers |
| telephase | final phase of mitosis |
| tissue | groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function |
