| A | B |
| environment | includes climate and physical geography |
| vegetation | trees, bushes, grass |
| savanna | grassland with some small bushes |
| ethnic group | share the same culture |
| river basin | area a river runs through |
| slash and burn | method of clearing land for farming |
| rain forest | very hot and wet area just north and south of the Equator |
| mortar | similar to cement, to join bricks together |
| vassals | lesser nobles |
| intermediaries | people who do business between traders |
| Swahili | mixture of African and Arab |
| kingdom | place ruled by queens and kings |
| merchants | people who buy and sell goods to make $$ |
| Berbers | nomads that traded across the Sahara |
| scholars | educated people; came to Timbuktu |
| rebel | fight against a government |