| A | B |
|---|
| Adolf Hitler | I stressed radical doctrines, particularly anti0Semitism and anti-communism. I promised a new order that would lead Germany to greatness. Amidst Germany’s defeat in world War I, I became chair of the nationalist Socialist German Workers’ party. I was the dictator of the Nazi party. |
| Albert Einstein | I formulated the Theory of general relativity. I was a German physicist. I suggested that space and time are relative to the person measuring the. I initiated a revolution in physics that transformed the character of science. |
| All Quiet on the Western Front | War novel written by Ernest Hemmingway |
| Anti-Semitism | Term coined in late nineteenth century that was associated with a prejudice against Jews and the political, social, and economic actions taken against them. |
| Arnold j Toynbee | Historian was shocked by war and began writing “A study of History” that sought to discover how societies develop through time. |
| Autarchy | to do |
| Bauhaus | German school of architecture that shaped the international style of twentieth century urban buildings, combining engineering and art to create a concept where form follows function. |
| Benito Mussolini | Founder of Italian fascism |
| Black Thursday | October 24, 1926-a wave of panic selling on the New York Stock Exchanged caused stock prices to plummet. |
| Decline of the West | Written by a retired German school teacher named Oswald Spengler he proposed that all societies pass through a life cycle of growth and decay comparable to the biological cycle of living organisms |
| Economic nationalism | Governments turned to their own resources and practiced economic nationalism when international cooperation broke down and financial and commercial networks were destroyed by the great depression |
| Edgar Degas | French impressionists who’s study of Japanese prints led him to experiment with visual angles and asymmetrical compositions |
| Ernest Hemingway | American writer expressed in poetry and fiction the malaise and disillusion that characterized us and European thought after the great war-wrote a farewell to arms |
| Fascism | Political ideology and mass movement that was prominent in many parts of Europe between 1919 and 1945; it sought to regenerate the social, political, and cultural life of societies, especially in contrast to liberal democracy and socialism; fascism began with Mussolini in Italy, and it reached its peak with Hitler in Germany. |
| Five-year plans | First implemented by Stalin in the Soviet Union in 1928; five-year plans were a staple of communist regimes in which every aspect of production was determined in advance for a five-year period; five-year plans were opposite of the free market concept. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | American president who launched the New Deal in an effort to turn around the Great Depression |
| Gertrude Stein | Said ‘you are all a lost generation” to her fellow American writer |
| International style | Architecture, style initiated by the Bauhaus architects known for its functionality as well suited to the construction of large apartment and office complexes |
| John Maynard Keynes | The most influential economist o f the twentieth century offered a novel solution he world a book which was his answer to the central problem of he depression-that millions of people who were willing to work could not find employment-“The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money |
| John Steinbeck | US writer chillingly captured the official heartless and the rising political anger inspired by the depression in “The Grapes of Wrath” |
| Joseph Stalin | Party secretary who seized control of the Bolshevik party after Lenin’s death and eventurally became absolute dictator of Russia |
| Karl Barth | Christian theologians who published a religious bombshell entitled Epistle to the Romans and sharply attacked the liberal Christian theology that embraced the idea of progress which was the tendency of European thinkers to believe in limitless improvement as the realization of god’s purpose |
| Kristallnacht | Official attacks in 1938 on synagogues and Jewish businesses in Germany. |
| Lost Generation | Label given by Gertrude Stein to American intellectuals and literati who congregated in Paris I the postwar years |
| National socialist German worker’s party | Nazism |
| Neal deal | President Roosevelt's Keynsian policies of massive government investment in the economy. |
| Nuremberg laws | Anti-Semitic laws enacted in 1935 in Nazi Germany that deprived Jews of citizenship and outlawed intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews. |
| Oswald Spengler | retired German school teacher-he proposed that all societies pass through a life cycle of growth and decay comparable to the biological cycle of living organisms. Wrote the decline of the west |
| Pablo Picasso | Innovative twentieth-century painter who resisted all notions of representative art |
| Paul Gauguin | Postimpressionist painter who revolted against rational society fled to Central America and Tahiti-and was inspired by the primitive art he found there |
| Sigmund Freud | My doctrines shaped the psychiatric profession in the twentieth century. I was a doctor from Vienna. I believed that dreams held the key to the deepest recesses of the human psyche. I focused on the psychological rather than physiological explanations of mental disorders. |
| Smoot-Hawley Tariff | Example of economic nationalism that promoted retaliatory restrictions from other nations and ended up drastically reducing international trade between 1929 and 1932. |
| V. I. Lenin | In 1917 he and his fellow Bolsheviks took power I the name of the Russian working class and had to defend the world first “dictatorship f the proletariat” against many enemies |
| Walter Gropius | First director of Bauhau whose theory of design became the guiding principle firs of the Bauhaus and subsequently of contemporary architecture in general |
| War communism | The Russian policy of nationalizing industry and seizing private land during the civil war. |
| Weimar republic | Democratic interwar government of Germany that was eventually taken over by the Nazis. |
| Werner Heisenberg | Formulated a theory about the quantum-theoretical reinterpretation of kinetic and mechanical relationships which established the “uncertainty principle” |
