| A | B |
|---|
| Cyte | cell (example: cytology= the study of cells) |
| Prokaryote (prokaryotic) | Cells which lack a nuclear membrane and organelles-Found only in Kingdom Eubacteria and Archabacteria (Moneran) |
| Eurkaryote (eukaryotic) | Cells that have a definite membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Found in the following kingdoms: Plant, Animal, Protista & Fungi |
| Organelle | "Small organs" found within a cell that carryout cell functions that are essential for cell survival |
| Homeostasis | Tendency to maintain a stable environment within the cell |
| Plasma (cell) membrane | Encloses the cell and controls what enters and exits the cell |
| Selective permeability | The process by which some molecules are allowed to enter a cell while others are not |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly-like substance that surround the organelles within the cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Transports and stores substances throughout the cell |
| Ribosome | Builds (synthesizes) protein molecules |
| Lysosome | Breaks down nutrients and foreign substances |
| Nucleus | Control center of cell…it regulates cellular activities and is surrounded by a double nuclear membrane |
| Chromosome | Contains genetic material (DNA) and is broken down into Chromatin during mitosis |
| Nuclear membrane | Surrounds nucleus and controls what enters and exits the nucleus |
| Nucleolus | contains genetic codes and RNA which sends mRNA to ribosome with protein blueprints |
| Golgi Apparatus | is a series of closely stacked membranes that is responsible For sorting proteins and distributing them |
| Chloroplasts | are found only in plant cells….are green in color…and are responsible for trapping sunlight and converting it into chemical energy or food for the plant |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants trap sunlight and convert it into usable chemical energy |
| Cell Wall | protective outer barrier of plant cells…is made of cellulose (complex carbohydrate)… gives plants structure and support |
| Centriole | aids in mitosis in animal cells |
| Vacuole | Stores food, water, waste and building materials |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell…produces ATP from glucose |
| Passive transport | Method of transporting materials into and out of the cell-That doesn’t require any energy…materials flow with the concentration-Gradient…High to low (includes diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diff) |
| Diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane |
| Active Transport | Transport system that moves particles against the Concentration gradient and requires energy (endocytosis & Exocytosis) |
| Autotroph | organism that is capable of producing its own food from the sun |
| Heterotroph | organism that is not capable of producing its own food |
| Chlorophyll | green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells |
| Cellular respiration | the process by which animal cells produce energy by converting glucose into ATP |
