| A | B |
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| biotic factor | an environmnetal factor that is associated with or results from the activities of living organisms |
| expomential growth curve | curve in which the rate of populatin growth stays the same and as a result the populatin size increases |
| biomass | organic matter that can be a source of energy; the total mass of the organism in a given area |
| commensalism | a relationship between two organisms in which one orgasism benefits and the other is unaffected |
| ecosystem | a community of organisms and their abiotic enviornment |
| food web | a diasgram that shows the feeding relationshis bewteen orgasims in an ecopsystem |
| biome | a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and ceretain types of plant and animal communities |
| ecology | the study of the interactins of living organims with one another and with their environment |
| detritivore | consumer that feeds on dead lants and animals |
| abiotic factor | an environmental factor that is not associated withthe activites of living organism |
| carnivor | an animal that eat other animals |
| decomposer | an orgasism tha feeds b breaking down organic matter from dead organism examples include bacteria and fungi |
| community | group of various species that live int he same habitat and interact with each other |
| energy pyramid | triangular diagrom that shws an ecosystem's loss of energy, whch results as energy passes through the ecosystem's food chain |
| food chain | pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding paterns of a series of organisms |
| consumer | an organism that eats othe organisms or organic matter instead of producing its own nutrients or obraining nutrients frominorganic sources |
| ground water | the water that is beneath the Earth's surface |
| carrying capacity | the largest population that anenvironment can support at any given time |
| habitat | place where an organism usually lives |
| competition | relatinship between two species in whch both species attempt to use the same limited resources |
| population | a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area and interbreen |
| transporation | process by which plants release water vapor into the ir through stomata |
| trophic level | one of the steps in a food chain or food pyramid examples include produces and primary, secondary and teritary consumers |
| parasitism | relationship between two species in whcih one species the parasite benefits from the other species the hose and usually harms the host |
| ligistic model | model of population growth that assumes tha finite resource levels limit population growth |
| producer | organism tha can make organic molecules from inorganic molecules a photosynthetic or chemosynthetic autotroph that serve as the basic food sorce in an ecosystem |
| symbiotis | relatinship in which two different organism live in clsoe associaton with each other |
| herbivore | an organsim that eat only plants |
| predation | an interactin between two species in which one species, the predator, feeds on the other species, the prey |
| nitrogen fixaction | process by which gaseous nitrogen is converted into ammonia, a compound tha organisms can use to make amno acids and othe nitrogen-containing organic molecules |
| omnivore | an organism that eats both plant and animals |
| nitch | the unique position occupied by a species, both in terms of its physical use of its habitat and its function with an ecological community |
| mutualism | relationship between two species in which both species benefit |
| population size | number of individuals in a population |
| secondary succession | process by which one community replaces another community that has been partially or totally destroyed |
| primary succession | successin that begins in an area that previously did not support life |
| biology | the scientific study of living organsims and their interactons with the environment |
| experiment | a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditons to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory or general truth |
| independent variable | the factor that is deliberately manipulated in an experiment |
| control group | an experiment a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another gorup that is identical except for ne factor |
| base | any compound tha increaese the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| amino acid | any of 20 differnt organic molecules tht contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins |
| cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
| cell | in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life porcesses |
| hypothesis | a theory or explanatin that is based on observations and that can be tested |
| element | substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substanced by chemical means |
| dependent variable | in an experiment, the variable that is changed or determined by manipulatin on one or more factors |
| enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
| ion | an atom, radical, or melecule that has gained or lsot one of more electons and has a negative or positive charge |
| DNA | the material that contains the informatin that determines inherited characteristics |
| adhesion | the attractive force between two bodie of different substanced that are in contace with each other |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joioned by chemical bonds |
| carbohydrate | any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provided nutrients to the cells ofliving thngs |
| acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| antibodies | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| solution | a homogeneneous mixture of two or more substances uniformaly disperses throughout a single phase |
| theory | an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observaton, experimentation, and reasoning |
| monosaccharide | a simple sigar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate |
| lipid | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water, including fats and steroids |
| molecule | smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical propertie of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two ormore atoms bonded together |
| species | a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring; also the level of classification below genus and above subspecies |
| observation | process of obtaining information by using the senses; the informatin obtained by using the senses |
| RNA | a natural plymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
| protien | organic compound that is made of one ormore chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells |
| nucleic acid | an organic compunds, either RNA or DNA whose molecules are made u of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
| ph | a valve that is used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a system each whole numbe on the scale indicates a tenfold change in acidity |
| cytoplams | region of the cell within the membrane that included the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus |
| cloroplast | an organelle foudn in plant and algae cells where phtosynthesis cocurs |
| eukaryote | an organism made u of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle |
| gradient | a difference in the concentratin of a substance across a distance |
| cell theory | theory that state tha all living thing are made up of cells that cells are the basic units of organsims taht each cell in a multicellular organsim has a specific job and that cells come only from existing cells |
| endoplasmic reticulum | system of membranes that is found in a cells's cytoplasm and that assists in the production processing and transport of proteins and in the productin of lipids |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regins of higher densityto regions of lower density |
| flagellum | a long, hairlke structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
| active transport | the movement of chemical substances usually across the cell membrane against a concentratin gradient requires cells touse energy |
| central vacuole | a large cavity or sac that is found in plant cells or portozoans and that contains air or partially degested food |
| carrier portein | a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bing the particle into the cell |
| cytoskelton | cytoplamic network of protein flaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shpe and divison |
| equilibrium chemical | in chemistry the state in which a chemical process and the reverse chemical process occur at the same rate such that the concentratins of reactants and products do not change |
| cell membrane | a phospholipid layer that convers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier bewteen the inside of a cell and the celll's enfironment |
| cell wall | ridig structure that surrounds the cellmembrane and provided support to the cell |
| deffussion | process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
| isotonic solution | a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
| light microscope | a microscope that uses a beam of visible light passing through one or more lenses to magnify an object |
| hypertonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentratin inside a cell |
| hypotonic | describe a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentratin insdie a cell |
| vesicle | small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell |
| prokaryote | an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or cell organelles; an example is a bacterium |
| receptor protein | a protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond |
| lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| lipid bilayer | the basic structure of a biological membrane, composed of two layers of phospholipids |
| nucleus | the cell's DNA and that has a role in porcessses such as growth, metabolism and reproduction |
| ribosomes | one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function |
| cilium | a hairlike structure arranged tighly packed rows that projects from the surface of osme cells |
| golgi complex | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be trnsported out of the cell |
| ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of portein synthesis |
| phospholipids | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| mitrochondira | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
