| A | B |
|---|
| Reasons for exploration: | desire for gold & desire for a new trade route |
| What was the European background before exploration? <psychological> | the middle ages were changing to a modern era..the catholic church was being challenged..the economic system was altering |
| What was the European background before exploration? <physical> | increase in agricultural production...lower prices...displaced workers moved to cities |
| The consequences of exploration: | people began to dream of Utopia...the desire to escape...dreamed up a island in the Atlantic called the "garden of eden" |
| Which main countries were involved in exploration? | Portugal, Spain, France, & England |
| Which Portugese prince initiated this exploration? | Prince Henry the Navigator |
| What did the Portugese accomplish? | sailed south around Africa to far east...set up colony which was very cruel..initiated African slavery |
| Which country financed Colombus? | Spain |
| What did Colombus accomplish? | sailed from the west to east and arrived in the NA islands |
| Where was Colombus origionally from? | Italy |
| What 3 developments did Colombus' discovery have? | Natives were doomed- 90% died or were sick...the Europeans thought they were superior to the natives and enslaved them...gold became the spanish obsession |
| What were France's motiviations? | wealth & the Northwest Passage |
| What was the Northwest Passage? | a passage through NA to lead to the indies |
| J. Cartier | sailed down the Lachine rapids and founded Montreal |
| What did the French and the natives trade? | French: knives, guns, tools, ammo, alochol Indians: fur |
| S. de Champlain | from Quebec~ motivations were to develop fur trade, find NW Passage, spread Catholicism Results: founeded Quebec , friends w/ Algonquin Indians |
| Which Indians were friendly w/ the British? | Iroquois |
| Who did John Cabot sail for? | England |
| Henry 8th | Catholic "defender of the faith"...married Catherine who had a daughter named Mary...wanted an annulment which the pope refused to grant...began Church of England <head> |
| What consequences did Henry's disagreemements with the pope have? | 100 yr struggle between Spain and England...brought Protestantism to England...Henry married Anne who had Elizabeth...Catholic territory was confiscated |
| What pressures did the Pope have in deciding whether to grant Henry's annulment? | Charles 5<france>, Henry 8<england>, and Ferdinand<spain> |
| Queen Elizabeth | first monarch to promote colinization...gave charter to 2 1/2 brothers<Humphrey Gilbert & Walter Raleigh>... |
| Humphrey Gilbert & Walter Raleigh | 1/2 brothers that recieved the charter from Queen Elizabeth...Raleigh colonizes @ NC <Ronoke> found colonizing too dificult for a family |
| Mercantilism | a system of government policies designed to enhance the growth & independence of a nation. To make it more economically self-sufficient, politically independent, & militarily secure |
| 3G's | gold, glory, god |
| gold | wealth...what every european country was after until the French started the fur trade |
| glory | dominance...each European country wanted to dominate NA |
| God | the english felt they were the "angels of God" and that the Spanish were the "angels of the Devil" |
| Richard Hakluyt | cheif convert of Queen Elizabeth |
| How did the 3G's connect with the English War against Spain? | Gold from Spain, Glory defeating Spain, and working for God by killing "the angles of the Devil" or the Spainiards |
| Zionists | <Puritans> religious dissenters who wanted to purify the Church of England |
| Desire of the Zionists | to set an example of a Christian community |
| John Winthrop | developed "City on a Hill" to be easily visible and a model for the world...was not to be permanent...colony was practical and sucessful |
| How did the Puritans change? | they became self-rightous and felt they had a "monopoly on truth" |
| Puritan government | tied with the church...church membership was required...no membership and you got kicked off the island...laws regulated society<blue laws regulated businesses> |
| Influence of the Puritans | developed the "Puritan ethic" or the ethic of the individual<responsibility for ones actions>...at death one became responsible to God...work ethic <work= duty & privelage> |
| Role of the Puritan church | a effort to reform the public, or society as a whole |
| What did Anne Hutchiunson & Roger Williams want to do? | reform the individual or the private person |
| Anne Hutchinson | idolized Cotton Mather & John Cotton and made comments on their messages...developed antinomianism...banished to Rholde Island & killed by natives |
| antinomianism | religious law=show sin...designed for non-religious people who had no bearing on religion...a certain practice not need be followed...not equal to consicence |
| Roger Williams | Intellectual...felt that law and religion had error in them, therefore a persons conscience would lead them in the right direction...banashed to Rhode Island <Rhogues Island> |
| Libert of Conscienceness | human law and religion has errors, therefore a person should follow their conscious b/c it's without error |
| disestablishmnentarianiasm | seperate church from state to protect church |
| consequences of disestablishmnentarianiasm | attacked legal foundations of Mass...NO true church b/c they are polluted by humanity...NO total truth until Christ returns |
| What colony did Roger Williams found? | Providence, RH <greatest expression of religious freedom> |
| What did King James do?` | promoted conlinization |
| What did King Elizabeth do? | promoted mercantilism <1st> |
| Virginia Company of London | named for Elizabeth<virgin queen>...joint stock company<1st corporation>...money making venture |
| objectives of Virginia Company of London | exploit mineral resources <obtain gold>...locate NW passage...monopolize trade (natives & orientals) |
| Jamestown | 2/3 dead in 1st year...leadership was split between Jamestown and London..origional objectives were unmet...Agrariah oriented enterprise |
| John Smith | somewhat of a dictator...got Jamestown running again |
| Dale de la Warr | sent over from London to Jamestown- strict code of conduct |
| John Rolfe | found a way to cure tobacco and the Virginia Company altered it's objectives |
| What did King James do w/ Jamestown in 1624? | Took over colony and made it a royal colony b/c he heard of complaints and realized that it was worth some money |
| Quakers 4 beliefs: | equality, informality, toleration, love/mercy |
| Quakers 2 tendencies: | martyrdom & rigidity |
| Quakers | former puritans who came to NA in the mid 1600's and became disalousioned w/ the Puritan religion & gov..moved to Rhode Island and then Pennsylvania |
| William Dewberry | leader of the Quakers who took them out of Mass and into Rhode Island |
| William Penn | King Charles gave Pennsylvania to Penn in 1681...established open government that protected good citizens and frightened evil ones |
| What problems did Pennsylvania have? | misunderstandings w/ the natives about payment for the land...border disputes w/ NY <split difference> and Maryland <Mason-Dixon line>...Quakers became minority group in own colony...many massacres by natives in w. PA...would not fight b/c they were pacifists |
| Why did the Quakers want more say in their government? | Wm Penn was always gone |
| What was the Quaker constitution called? | Charter of Privilages |
| Who were some of the different ethnic groups to settle in Penn? | Swiss, Deutsch, Huguenots, Jews, Scotch-Irish...began to out-populate the Quakers |
| Pennsylvania economy | Agrarian, shipbuilding, iron, <industrial> , trade, (broad based economy) |
| Which wars occured in the time-frame of 1754? | French & Indian War <american front>...7 yrs war <english front>...Great War for Empire |
| What did the Quakers decide about governing? | it was not compatable w/ their religion |
| Who started the philanthropist colony of Georgia? | Oglethorpe & Perceval |
| Why was Georgia started? | b/c Oglethorpe & Perceval wanted to give hard working Englishmen a chance to re*gain their lives |
| Where was Georgia located & what was the origional population? | between Spanish Territory & Carolinas...100 interviewed men |
| What were the men in Georgia to produce? | silk, but the mulberry trees were the wrong type and the silkworms didn't do well |
| What policies did GA inact? | own 50 acres max...no slavery...trustees ruled government...no liquor even as a trading item |
| What changes in policies did GA inact? | 2000 acre max ownership of land...slavery allowed...liqour as a trading item...people demanded change in leadership |
| What was the end result of GA? | objectives & policies failed...only 3000 people living there...only 15 sq miles of land was plowed for farming...SC becoming economic threat...no more money |
| When did the trustees give the charter back to the King? | 1752...became a royal colony |
| Why did Britian fight for NA? | it was protecting its investment |
| When was the Treaty of Paris signed and what did it leave France & Spain? | 1763~ France forced to leave land e. of Miss. R. but did recieve New Orleans & some atlantic islands...Spain got the area w. of Miss. R. <given by France> |
| What was the colonists response to the line along the e. continental divide and what was it? | it was the line the colonists weren't supposed to settle past <the west>...they settled there anyways |
| Navigation Act | American goods...british required trade w/ british client and could only be carried on a british ship |
| When was the Navigation Act signed and when was it enforced? | signed-1748...enforced- 1763 |
| What was the sugar act and what emotion did it get from the colonists? | tax on molasses...lowered existing tax, but it was actually collected~ colonists were neutral |
| What was the stamp act and what emotion did it get from the colonists? | tax on legal documents~ colonists were angry |
| What was the quartering act and what emotion did it get from the colonists? | forced colonists to provide living quarters for British soldiers~ neutral |
| what are the 2 types of taxes? | direct <such as stamp act> and individual <such as sugar quartering> |
| What did Britian do when the colonists got mad about the stamp act? | repealed the stamp act and passed the declaratory act |
| Declaratory Act | Britian parliment could and would tax American colonists |
| Townsend/Duty Tax | tax on all imports which were used to pay the royal governor |
| colonists reaction to Townsend/ Duty Tax | angry~ lead to Boston massacre |
| What did Britian due in order to lower colonists emotions about the taxes? | lowered all teriffs excpet tea |
| What did Britian do to help the East India Comapny that angered the colonists? | they removed the tariff on tea to help the company...colonists thought Britian was trying to put hte American merchants selling tea out of business= Boston Tea Party |
| Intolerable Acts | British gov closed Boston until tea lost in Boston Tea Party was paid for...Mass Government Act-no political gatherings |
| Colonial response to Intolerable Acts | ingnored them |
| Thomas Paine | wrote Common Sense |
| 2nd continental congress | did not want to go to war w/ Britian |
| When was the Declaratoin of Independence put into effect? | July 2, 1776...last signature July 4 |
| Revolutionary War strategies | Britian-offensive ...colonists- defensive- hang on until Britian tires of fighting |
| What ended the Rev. War? | Lord Cornwallis cornered himself on a peninsula w/ Washington's army on one side and the French navy on the other...had to surrender |
| What Treaty was signed after the war? | 1783- Treaty of Paris |
| What act by the British started the war? | trying to collect illegally stored weapons - colonists fired |
| Which side took the first shot in hte Rev. War? | unknown |
| How bad am i gonna fail this test? | ohhhh man you odn't even wanna know! |
