| A | B |
|---|
| acid | molecule that releases hydrogen ions into water |
| active site | part of an enzyme that provides catalysts |
| adhesion | tendency of water to hydrogen bond to other compounds |
| amino acid | organic molecule consisting of a central carbon atom bonded to an hydrogen atom, amino group, carboxylic acid and a R group |
| aqueous solution | solution in which water is the solvent |
| atom | chemical unit, composed of protons, electrons and neutrons that cannot further break down by chemical means |
| atomic number | number in elements box in the periodic table that indicates the number of protons and electrons |
| atomic weight(atomic mass) | mass of an atom |
| base | molecule that releases hydroxide ions in water |
| Bohr models | classic representation of atom by Neils Bohr where in electrons occupy circular orbits around a nucleus |
| buffer systems | pairs of weak acids and bases that maintain body fluid pH |
| bulk elements | element that animals require in large amounts |
| carbohydrates | compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with twice as many hydrogens as oxygens, sugar or starch |
| catalysis | speeding a chemical reaction |
| chemical bonds | attachments that atoms by sharing or exchanging electrons |
| chemical reactions | interactions in which atoms exchange or share electrons, forming new chemicals |
| cohesion | strong attraction of water molecules to each other |
| compound | molecules including different atoms |
| conformation | 3-D shape of an atom |
| covalent bond | atoms sharing electrons |
| dehydration synthesis | formation of a covalent bond between two molecules by loss of water |
| deoxyribnucleic acid (DNA) | double stranded nucleic acid composed of nucleotides containing a phosphate nitrogenous base ( A, T, G or C) and deoxyribose |
| electrolytes | solution containing ions |
| electron orbital | volume of space where a particular electron is 90% of the time |
| electronegativity | tendency of an atom to attract electrons |
| electrons | negatively charged subatomic particle with negligiable mass taht orbits the atomic nucleus |
| elements | pure substance consisting of atoms that contain a characteristic number of protons |
| energy cells | levels of energy in an atom formed by electron orbitals |
| enzyme | protein that catalyzes a specific type of chemical reaction |
| fatty acid | hydrocarbon chain that is a part of triglyceride |
| gene | sequence of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids of a particular polypeptide |
| heat capacity | amount of heat necessary to raise a temperature of a substance |
| heat of vaporization | amount of heat required to convert a liquid to vapor |
| hydrocarbons | molecule containing carbon and hydrogens |
| hydrogen bonds | weak chemical bond between negatively charged portions of molecules and hydrogen ions |
| hydrolysis | splitting a molecule by adding water |
| hydrophilic | attracted to water |
| hydrophobic | repealled by water |
| ion | atom that has lost or gained electrons, giving it an electrical charge |
| ionic bond | attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| isotopes | differently weighted form of an element |
| lipids | compounds containing carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen but with less oxygen than carbohydrates |
| macromolecules | very large molecules |
| molecular weight | sum of weights of atoms that make up a molecule |
| molecule | combinded atoms |
| neutrons | particle in atoms nucleus that is electrically neutron and has one mass unit |
| nitrogenous bases | nitrogen containing compounds that forms of a nucleiotide, giving it individually |
| nonpolar covalent bonds | covalent bond in which atoms share electrons equally |
| nucleic acid | biochemical that encodes an amino acid sequence |
| nucleotides | building block of nucleic acid, consisting of a phosphate group, nitrogenous base and five carbon sugar |
| nucleus | central region of atom, consisting of protons and neutrons. A membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material |
| octet rule | tendency of atom to fill it's outermost shell |
| organic molecules | molecules composed of primarily carbon and hydrogen |
| pH scale | measurement of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| peptide bond | chemical bond between two amino acids resulting from dehydration synthesis |
| periodic table | chart that lists naturally occuring elements according to their properties |
| polar covalent bonds | covalent bond which electrons are attached move toward one atom's nucleus than to the other |
| polypeptide chains | long polymer of amino acids |
| products | results of a chemical reactions |
| proteins | polymer of amino acids |
| protons | particle in atom's nucleus carrying a positive charge and having one mass unit |
| reactants | starting material in a chemical reaction |
| ribonucleic acid(RNA) | single-stranded nucleic acid consisting of nucleotides containing a phosphate, ribose, and nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil |
| salt | molecule composed of cations and anions |
| saturated fat | triglyceride with single bonds between the carbons of its fatty acids tails |
| solutes | chemical that dissolves in another forming solutions |
| solution | homogenous mixture of a substance(the solute) dissolved in water (the solvent) |
| solvent | chemical in which others dissolve, forming a solution |
| sterols | lipid molecule based on a complex molecule of four interconnected carbon rings |
| substrates | reactant an enzyme acts upon |
| trace elements | element an animal requries in small amounts |
| triglyceride | type of fat that consists of one glycerol and three fatty acids |
| unsaturated | triglyceride with double bonds between some of it's carbons |
| valence electrons | electron in the outermost shell |
| Van der Waals attractions | dynamic attractions within or between molecules when oppositely charged regions react |
