| A | B |
|---|
| Maintainence Therapy | Daily fluid needs of electrolytes and nutrients; amt depends on age, status, and needs. |
| Replacement Therapy | Replenish previous losses |
| Restorative Therapy | Providing F&E continuously until homeostasis returns |
| USP | United States Pharmacopeia - Set standards and specifications of IV fluids |
| Particulate Matter | Billy bobs; particles/cloudiness in IV fluid |
| pH of IV Fluids | 3.5-6.2 |
| Indications of Dextrose in Water Solutions | Used for dehydration, hypernatremia, and hyperkalemia |
| Osmotic Diuresis | Cellular dehydration; Precaution of rapid infusion of IV fluids |
| Isotonic Solutions | NS, LR |
| Hypotonic Solutions | 1/2 NS, 2.5% Dextrose |
| Hypertonic Solutions | D5NS, D10NS, 3% or 5% NS |
| Hydrating Fluids | D5 1/2 NS, D5 1/4 NS |
| Nutrition Lipid Emulsions | Used to prevent fatty acid deficiency. Intralipid 10% |
| Cellulitis | Site/local tenderness and redness at first, then malaise, chills, and fever. Site red, nodules and vesicles form and may rupture |
| Circulatory Overload | Fluid excess in vascular system. Monitor flow rate and never make up for IV solutions |
| Local IV Complications | Ecchymosis, Hematoma, Infiltration, Extravasation, Phlebitis, Thrombophlebitis, Cellulitis, Nerve Irritaion or Trauma, Occluded Cannula |
| Air Embolism | Air enters vascular system and is propelled in to the heart creating an air lock at the pulmonic valve. Blood unable to exit right side of heart. |
| Ecchymosis | Swelling and bruising complication of IVs; Caused by unskilled technique, pts on anticoagulant or steroids, and fragile vessels |
| Extravasation | Infiltration of drug into the tissues |
| Hematoma | Collection of blood under the skin; usually clotted |
| Infiltration | A collection of infused fluid in tissues surrounding a cannula inserted for intravenous therapy |
| Occluded Cannula | Clot forms at the end of the cannula secondary to inadequate flushing or container running dry. |
| Phlebitis | Inflammation inside of vein. Caused by mechanical or chemical irritation. |
| Septicemia | Entire body infection (blood infection); Pathogens: staph, strep, or fungi |
| Speed Shock | When IV drug given too fast; faster than recommended. |
| Thrombophlebitis | Venous thrombi (stationary clot) in the presence of venous inflammation |
| Thrombus | Stationary blood clot |
| Vesicant | A substance that causes tissue blistering |
| IV Piggyback | Secondary infustion into an established patent primary IV for intermittent delivery of medications |
| Angiocath | a hollow, flexible tube inserted into a blood vessel to withdraw or instill fluids |
| Central Venous Line | Placed through the skin into a venous access and threaded into the RA. Usually 2-3 lumens. |
| PICC line | Peripherally inserted Central Venous Catheter. Don't use anything smaller than a 10cc syringe to flush |
| Port-a-cath | Implantable ports. Port placed under the skin with a small reservoir that connects to a major vein to instill medications. |
| Infusion Plug/Hep Lock | Latex resealable lock used to give medications |
| Electronic Infusion Device | Automated system of introducing a fluid other than blood into a vein. The device may have programmable settings |
| Vasovagal Response | Increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Decreased BP, lightheadedness and syncope. |
| Gauge | Diameter. The smaller the # the larger the size |
| Tourniquet | Constricting or compressing device used to control venous and arterial circulation to an extremity for a period of time |
| Benzyl Alcohol | Bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications |
