| A | B |
|---|
| Types of heat transfer | conduction, convection, radiation |
| Radiation | transfer of energy through space |
| Types of radiation | sunlight heating the Earth and an open fire or flame |
| Conduction | transfer of heat within materials or between materials that are touching |
| How conduction occurs | CONDUCTION OCCURS WHEN PARTICLES NEAR THE HEAT SOURCE HEAT UP |
| Convection | transfer of heat by the movement of materials in a fluid. |
| Causes of convection | differences in temperature and density combined with gravity |
| Density | the amount of mass found in a certain amount of volume |
| When a fluid is heated, the density.......... when a fluid is cooled the density....... | decrease.........increases |
| Convection Currents | flow that transfers heat in a fluid |
| Sets convection current in motion | heating and cooling of a fluid, changes in a fluid's density, and the force of gravity combined |
| How long do convection currents continue | as long as heat is added |
| What would happen if the heat was suddenly removed | convection current would stop |
| Cause of convection current in mantle | heat from the outer core and the mantle itself |
| Explain how convection current occurs in mantle | Large plumes are heated, become less dense, and rise up from the lower mantle to the upper mantle; these plumes cool down, become more dense and sink back to the lower mantle. |
| How long have convection currents been occurring in the mantle | over 4 billion years |
| What other layer has convection currents | the outer core |
| What does convection currents in the outer core cause | Earth's magnetic field. |
