| A | B |
|---|
| Isotope | atoms of the same element(have the same number of protons) that have different number of neutrons. |
| Ions | an atom or group ot atoms that has a charge(it has gained or lost electrons) |
| Cation | an + ion that has lost electrons(usually a metal) |
| Anion | a - ion that has gained electrons(usually a non-metal) |
| Valence electron | an electron in the outer-most energy level of an atom |
| Fission | a nuclear reaction where the nucleus is split itno smaller fragments; releases lots of energy and usually releases neutrons |
| Fusion | a nuclear reaction where 2 or more small nuclei are combined to make 1 much larger nucleus |
| Proton | the subatomic particle with a + charge and a mass of 1 amu(atomic mass unit); found in the nucleus |
| Neutron | the subatomic particle with no charge (neutral) and a mass of 1 amu(atomic mass unit); found in the nucleus |
| Electron | the subatomic particle with a - charge and a mass of 1/1840 amu; found in orbitals in the electron cloud outside of the nucleus |
| Mass Number | the number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (not on the periodic table) |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (on periodic table) |
| Solubility | The amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent at a given temperature |
| Electronegativity | the ability of an atom to attract electrons when bonding |
| Ionization | th energy required to remove an electron from an atom |
| Orbital Diagram | Use of lines, circles, or boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent the spin of electrons in th electron configuration |
| Ionic Bond | a bond formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom making a + an a - ion; requires a metal and a non-metal atom; dissolve in wate and conduct electricity when dissolved and have high melting points |
| Covalent Bond | a bond formed when electrons are shared between 2 atoms; requires 2 non-metal atoms; do not conduct electricity and have low melting points |
| Metallic Bond | a "sea" of valence electrons surrounding metal atoms; conduct electricity |
| Molarity | moles of solute divided by volume of solution (unit is Molar or M) |
| Acid | Usually a compound with H+ or hydronium (H3O+) ion as its cation; pH is less than 7 |
| Base | usually a compound with OH- ion as its anion; pH is greater than 7 |
| Equation | a shorthand way of writing a chemical reaction using symbols, formulas, and coefficients |
| Reactivity Series | a list of elements in order of decreasing chemical reactivity; what is "on top" is most reactive |
| Entropy | degree of disorder; symbol = S |
| Enthalpy | heat content of a system; symbol = H |
| Compound | 2 or more elements chemically combined |
| Atom | the smalles particle of an element that keeps the properties of that element |
| Beta particle | a type of radiation that is an electron from the nucleus |
| Gamma Ray | a type of radiation that is pure energy; need 1 ft. of metal or 10 ft. of concrete to stop it. |
| Radiation | matter and/or energy released by the nucleus of an atom as it undergoes radioactive decay (or transmutation) |
| Period | horizontal row on the periodic table |
| Family/Group | a vertical row on the periodic table |
| Ground state | the energy level where an electron should be located within an atom if no energy is being added |
| Excited state | the energy level where an electron jumps to when it absorbs energy |
| Emission spectrum | All of the colors/types of light given off by an element as electrons fall from their excited state to their ground state; used to identify elements in stars |
| Catalyst | a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being a reactant in the reaction (its where when the reaction starts and its there when the reaction is over) |
| Diffusion | movement of gas molecules from areas of greater concentration to less concentraion |
| Polar | A term used to describe a molecule that has a + end an a - end; usually ionically bonded |
| Non-polar | A term used to describe a molecule that does not have a + and a - end; usually covalently bonded |
| Solute | the solid that is dissolved in a solution |
| Solvent | the liquid that does the dissolving to make a solution |
| Electrolyte | A solution that will conduct electricity |
