| A | B |
|---|
| Parallax | the amount of apparent shift of an object (star) which occurs when we view distant objects from 2 differnt points. This method works for distances of stars up to 100 LY away. |
| Red shift | Spectrum that is red shifted indicates that the star is moving away from us. |
| Brightness | 2 types: Absolute and Apparent. |
| Absolute Brightness | the actual luminosity of a star. The lower the number the brighter the star. All placed mathematically at 10 parsecs |
| Apparent Brightness | Brightness of a star as viewed from earth. |
| Neutron Star | smallest most dense star. 1 cm3 weighs 1 Billion tons. Smaller than earth. Aslo known as Pulsars. |
| White Dwarf | 2nd smallest stars. Average size compares to Earth. What our sun will become in death. |
| Main Sequence Stars | Medium size stars. 90% of all stars are this size; includes our Sun. |
| Giant Stars | Stars 10-100x larger than our sun. |
| SuperGiant Stars | Largest of the 5 sizes. Inludes stars that are 100x larger or greater than our Sun. Ex. include Betelgeuse and Rigel. |
| Hertzsprung Russell Diagram | A chart that shows the relationship between the surface temperature of a Main sequence star and its absolute brightness. The hotter the surface temp. the brighter the star. |
| Annie "Jump" Cannon | Came up with the spectral types as a means of claasifying stars. O,B,A,F,G K, and M. |
| Spectroscope | A Tool that gives us the spectrum of stars that tells us the composition, distance and type of star and much more. |
| Black holes | The most massive stars end up their lives as this after they supernova. |
| massive stars | stars with more mass than our sun. It's not a term for size but rather the amout of matter it contains. |
| Nebulae | A huge mass of gas and dust where stars are born. Stellar Nursery. |
| Planetary Nebula | Stage low mass stars go through just before they become white dwarfs. It happens when the star's H is used up and the Core is now a He core. |
| Core | Inner layer of a star. Hottest layer-it;s where fusion reactiuons occur. |
| Chromosphere | Middle layer of the sun atmosphere. Chromo means color |
| Photosphere | Surface layer of the sun. Inner most layer of the sun atmosphere. 6000 C |
| Corona | Crown or sun. outer most layer of the sun's atmosphere. Hottest layer of the atmosphere @ 1-3 million C |
| Radiation zone | Inner layer of sun outside of the core. |
| Convection zone | last layer of the inner part of the sun. where photons travel in circles before they hit the surface of the sun |
