| A | B |
|---|
| productivity | measure of how much work can be done in a certain length of time |
| human resources | supply of people who can produce goods |
| textiles | woven cloth |
| Industrial Revolution | time when many machines were made and culture was moving away from being an agricultural society |
| Thomas Newcomen | invented steam engine that was first used to pump water out of coal mines |
| James Watt | invented a more efficient steam engine used for textile mills, riverboats, and locomotives |
| cottage industry | home or village based industry in which family members supply their own equipment to make goods |
| union | labor organization that negotiates for improved worker conditions and pay |
| strike | refusal to work, usually by a labor organization until demands are met |
| imperialism | system of building foreign empires for military and trade advantages |
| The Great War | another name for World War I |
| communism | economic, social, and political system based on the teachings of Karl Marx, which advocated the elimination of private property |
| Holocaust | systematic murder of more than 6 million European Jews and 6 million others by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis during World War II |
| Adolf Hitler | believed Germans were a superior race; dictator of Germany during World War II |
| Axis Powers | Germany, Japan and Italy joined together to fight in World War II |
| Allied Powers | Great Britain, France, China and the US joined together to fight in World War II |
| genocide | mass murder of a people because of their race, religion, ethnicity, politics, or culture |
| atomic bombs | these were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II |
| Cold War | period between the late 1940s and late 1980s when the US and the Soviet Union competed for world influence without actually fighting each other |
| nuclear weapon | weapon whose destructive power comes from a nuclear reaction |
| Marshall Plan | a loan program started by the US to help countries rebuild after WWII and also with the hope of stopping the spread of communism |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; formed to prevent attacks by the Soviet Union on Europe |
| deterrence | maintenance of military power for the purpose of discouraging an attack |
| European Coal and Steel Community | the Benlux countries along with West Germany, France and Italy arranged for free movement of money goods and people among their nations |
| Common Market | another name for the European Economic Community now is known as the European Union |
| satellite nation | nation politically and economically dominated or controlled by another, more powerful country |
| 'hot spots' | areas of tension and conflict |
| blockade | to forcibly prevent entry to an area |
| Berlin Wall | bult to keep the citizens of East Berlin from escaping to democracy |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | leader of Soviet Union to promote economic growth; less government control, more control for individuals |
| airlift | system of carrying supplies into West Berlin by airplane |
| euro | common currency adopted by countries in the European Union |
| EURATOM | European Atomic Energy Community; has right to enter into contracts, obtain raw materials, and establish standards to protect workers and the general population from nuclear radiation |
| chunnel | rail line that passes under the English Channel to connect the United Kingdom to mainland Europe |
| European Union | economic alliance in place in Europe today |
| authority | has the power to make decisions |
| free trade zone | area where people can buy goods from other countries without paying extra taxes |
| import taxes | additional cost put on products coming from other countries |
| genetically altered crops | foods changed so they are resistant to disease or changed to add vitamins |
