| A | B |
|---|
| mRNA is found in | nucleus and cytoplasm |
| where does transcription occurs | nucleus |
| tRNA is found here | found only in cytoplasm |
| brings amino acids to ribosome | tRNA |
| a blueprint of one side of DNA | mRNA |
| proteins are made up of | amino acids |
| how many different amino acids are there? | 20 |
| a string of amino acids is called a | polypeptide |
| how many bases in a codon | 3 |
| how many codons are needed to code for an amino acid | 1 |
| what happens during transcription? | mRNA forming on one strand of DNA |
| what happens during translation | tRNA bringing Amino acid's to mRNA |
| total number of codons possible | 64 |
| methionine is always a ... | start codon |
| enzyme that directs transcription | RNA polymerase |
| change in one or more bases of the DNA is called a | mutation |
| point mutation affects the DNA by .. | one base in DNA and mRNA |
| frameshift mutation affects the DNA by .. | all amino acids "downstream" from mutation |
| three causes of mutations | x-rays, radiation, toxic chemicals |
| RNA base pairs are .. | A-U and G-C |
| anti-codons are found on | tRNA |
| TTAGCA on one DNA strand will make this on other DNA strand | AATCGT |
| TTAGCA on DNA will be transcribed to this on mRNA | AAUCGU |
| missense mutation causes | change one amino acid in polypeptide chain |
| nonsense mutation causes | change codon to stop codon |
| change of single base pair is called a | point mutation |
| exons are | bases that leave the nucleus on the mRNA |
| introns are | bases edited out of the mRNA before leaving nucleus |
| carries amino acids to mRNA | tRNA |
| a codon is | three base pairs on mRNA that code for amino acid |
| "central dogma" | DNA ---> RNA ---> protein |
| the amino acids in one's cells come from | the protein foods that have been eaten |
