| A | B |
|---|
| smelting | heating iron or metals to remove impurities to make weapons stronger |
| King Xerxes | Last Persian king to attack Greece. |
| Hittites | a military empire which lived in Turkey and invented smelting |
| Assyrians | The first civilization to have a standing army. The capital was Assyria. |
| Neo Babylonians | short lived civilization that created the Hanging Gardens and focused on astronomy |
| caravan | groups of traders who traveled together for safety |
| gerrhon | a tall shield made of straw that is used to protect archers |
| infantry | soldiers who march and fight on foot |
| cavalry | soldiers who are trained to fight on horseback |
| turtan | the most senior officer in the Assyrian army |
| tribute | a payment demanded by one kingdom to another, usually to a larger and more powerful state |
| rab mugi | senior officers who specialize in organizing supplies for the army |
| quradu | the most important unit in the Assyrian army. It was made up of the best, most experience soldiers |
| standing army | a full time military unit |
| iron | a metal stronger than bronze that was first used to make weapons by the Assyrian army |
| Ishtar | Assyrian and Babylonian goddess of war |
| Ishtar Gate | created as part of the defenses for the inner city of Babylon. It was decorated with animals and was part of the processional way. |
| Persians | The largest of the three military empires. They conquered the Chaldeans and ruled from the capital city of Persepolis |
| astronomer | a person who studies the stars and the planets |
| sun dial | an instrument used to tell time using the shadow from the sun |
| Zoroastrianism | religion of the Persian Empire which had two gods |
| Hanging Gardens | built by King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon for his wife |
| King Nebuchadnezzar | Absolute ruler of Babylon for 43 years |
| library | first created by the Assyrans, this building housed a large collection of documents that were written on clay tablets |
| Persepolis | capital of the Persian Empire |
| Ahura Mazda | a Persian God who encouraged good in the world |
| Zoroaster | religious leader who created a new religion around 570 BCE |
| Babylon | capital of the Chaldean empire |
| King Darius | strong military king in the Persian empire |
| King Cyrus | organized Persian army to take over new territories |
| Nineveh | capital of the Assyrian Empire |
| immortals | elite Persian fighting force which protected the king at all cost. It had at least 10,000 members |
| Marduk | King of the Babylonian gods |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| Saytrap | a Persian government official who supervised an area of the Persian Empire for the king |
| Royal Road | A road built by the Persians to move goods, messages, and their army quickly. |
