| A | B |
|---|
| Emancipation Proclamation | An official announcement by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 that led to the end of slavery in the United States |
| Gettysburg Address | The speech made by President Lincoln at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 |
| Civil War | The war between the Union and the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865 |
| Jim Crow laws | Laws passed by Southern states after Reconstruction that established segregation, or separation of the races |
| Freemen's Bureau | A government agency created in 1866 that provided food, schools, and medical care for freed slaves in the South |
| Anaconda Plan | The Union’s plan for defeating the Confederacy in the Civil War |
| Thirteenth Amendment | An amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1865, that abolished |
| Fourteenth Amendment | An amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1868, that officially established blacks as citizens with the same legal rights as whites |
| Fifteenth Amendment | An amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1870, that made it illegal to withhold voting rights on account of race or color |
| blockade | The closing of an area, especially during wartime, to keep people or supplies from moving in or out |
| impeach | To charge a government official with wrongdoing |
| civilian | A person who is not in the armed forces |
| black codes | Laws passed by the Southern states after the Civil War that severely limited the rights of the newly freed African Americans |
| total war | A war in which both sides not only strike against one another's soldiers, but against civilians and the economic system of the enemy |
| segregation | The separation of people, usually based on race or religion |
| draft | The process of selection of men for compulsorary military service |
| sharecropping | In the late 1800s and early 1900s, a system in which farmers rented land from a landowner and paid the owner with a share of their crop |
