| A | B |
|---|
| Civil Law | based on agreements and conflicts between individuals |
| habeas corpus | right to be released if not formally charged |
| bills of attainder | law that punishes a person without a trial - it's illegal |
| ex post facto | law that punishes a person for an act in the past that is now illegal. |
| negligence | an accident caused by the careless actions of another |
| injunction | court order to stop an action |
| penal code | laws (statutes) passed by our government |
| larceny | taking property of another |
| fraud | taking another's property through lies or trickery |
| embezzlement | stealing from an employer |
| rehabilitation | punishments used to help someone be a better citizen |
| mandatory sentencing | laws that require judges to impose certain penalties for certain crimes |
| preliminary hearing | where a defendant is told charges and bail is set |
| indictment | when a grand jury decides there is enough evidence to charge someone |
| arraignment | hearing where a defendant pleads guilty or not guilty |
| plea bargaining | pleading guilty for a lighter sentence |
| prosecution | people who represent the government in a criminal case |
| cross examination | questioning of a witness by the opposing side |
| juveniles | not yet considered an adult |
| habeus corpus | Right to be let go if not formally charged |
| misdemeanor | Lesser crimes, up to year in jail or a fine. |
| bills of attainder | Punished without a trial - ILLEGAL! |
| felony | More serious crimes - from a year to life in prison, death penalty, or just a fine. |
| summons | The paper that tells a defendant that he or she is being sued and asserts the power of the court to hear and determine the case. |
| zoning board | Local group of officials who determine what types of buildings are permitted in certain areas. |
| deterrence | The idea that jail should be punishment that makes people not want to commit crimes. |
| miranda rights | What must be read to a suspect upon arrest. |
| bail | Release for promise of money during the preliminary hearing - suspect must show up for court when called. |
| arrest | Stage when suspect is booked and charged. |
| petit jury | Trial jury of 12 members. |
| grand jury | Jury of 16 to 23 members that decides if there is enough evidence to proceed with a trial. |
| unanimous | How a trial jury must vote to reach a verdict. |
| hung jury | When a jury can't reach a decision. |
| private with no jury | How a juvenile trial is different. |
| sealed | What happens to a juvenile's records when they turn 18. |
| community service | Most common sentence for a juvenile crime. |
