| A | B |
|---|
| nutrients | substances in foods that provide energy, & materials for cell growth, repair, & development |
| carbohydrates | main source of energy for the body |
| 3 kinds of carbohydrates | glucose, starch, cellulose |
| glucose | simple sugars like honey, fruits, milk |
| starch | complex carbohydrate like bread & rice |
| cellulose | complex carbohydrate in plant walls like corn |
| protein | used for cell replacement & repair |
| amino acids | make up proteins, act as enzymes |
| enzymes | speed up chemical reactions |
| essential amino acids | 8 amino acids made from the food you eat |
| fats | provide large amounts of energy & help body absorb some vitamins |
| unsaturated fat | liquid at room temperature - come from plants |
| saturated fat | solid at room temperature - come from animals |
| vitamins | organic nutrients used to help body use other nutrients |
| minerals | inorganic nutrient used to regulate chemical reactions |
| water | inorganic - enable chemical reactions to take place |
| food pyramid | used to provide a healthy eating plan |
| digestion | process that breaks down food in the body into small molecules so it can pass through the cell membrane and be used |
| 4 phases to in digestive system | ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination |
| major organs of the digestive system | mouth, esophagus, stomach, s. int., l. int., rectum, anus |
| minor or secondary organs of the digestive system | liver, pancreas, gall bladder |
| salivary amylase | enzyme made by the salivary glands to break down starch into sugar |
| pepsin | enzyme in stomach acts on protein |
| mechanical digestion | food broken down by chewing and churning |
| chemical digestion | food broken down by chemicals - enzymes |
| esphagus | common name - food tube - takes food from mouth to stomach |
| peristalsis | muscular waves to push food - in esophagus |
| stomach | muscular bag - breaks down food into chyme |
| small intestine | further breaks down food & absorption happens |
| duodenum | 1st part of small intestine - most digestion happens here |
| villi | finger-like projections in small intestine - food passes to blood stream through these |
| emulsification | process to break down fat |
| bile | greenish fluid - acts to break down fat |
| liver | makes the bile |
| gall bladder | stores the bile |
| pancreas | makes enzymes to further break down food |
| insulin | hormone that allows glucose to pass from the bloodstream into the body cells |
| large instestine | returns water to the body & holds undissolved material until it is eliminated |
| rectum | holds waste for elimination |
| anus | opening through which waste is removed from the body |
| feces | solid waste |
| bacteria | in large intestine - feeds on undigested materials such as cellulose |
