| A | B |
|---|
| fief | land granted to NObles |
| serf | peasant who works the land in exchange for protection |
| manor | self-sufficient unit of land controlled by a noble |
| castle | fortified center of a manor |
| feudalism | social structure based on land and protection |
| vikings | invaders from Scandinavia |
| Magyars | moved into central Europe |
| Angles & Saxons | invaders who moved into British Isles |
| vassal | nobles who served a more powerful Lord |
| Crusades | wars to re-capture Holy lands |
| Jerusalem | sacred city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims |
| Crusader States | centers for European Trade in teh Mid-East |
| Turks | a group of Muslims |
| Saladin | Muslim leader who captured Jerusalem |
| Richard the "LionHeart" | English King who led the third Crusade |
| Charlemagne | given title of Holy Roman Emperor |
| Franks | group that defeated the Muslims at Tours |
| Tours | Battle that stopped the spred of Islam in to western Europe |
| Middle Ages | period of time in Europe between ancient and modern times |
| Urban II | Pope who gave a speech calling for the crusades |
