| A | B |
|---|
| estate | * order, class or group of people |
| relics of feudalism | * aristocratic privileges |
| bourgeoisie | * middle class |
| Tennis Court Oath | the third estate vowed to meet until a new constitution was drawn up |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | charter of basic liberties such as liberty, property and security |
| Olympe de Gouges | women who wrote the Declaration of the rights of Women |
| sans-culottes | * ordinary patriots without fine clothes; member of the Paris Commune during the National Convention government |
| Georges Danton | minster of justice of the Paris Commune |
| factions | * dissenting groups |
| Committee of Public Safety | a special committee whose job was to keep France from invation |
| Maximilien Robespierre | dominated the Committee of Public Safety |
| Reign of Terror | where revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute internal enemies of the republic |
| Lyon | city that was made an example of - 1880 citizens were executed, shot into open graves |
| electors | * individuals qualified to vote in an election during the Directory government in France |
| coup d' etat (KOO day*TAH) | * a sudden overthrow of the government as done by Napoleon |
| consulate | * the new government under Napoleon |
| Civil Code or Napoleonic Code | recognized the principle of equality of all citizens before law, the right of the individual to choose a profession, religious toleration, and the abolition of serfdom and feudalism |
| Nationalism | * the cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols |
| Duke of Wellington | person who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo |
| Congress of Vienna | arranged a final peace settlement after Napoleon |
| Prince Klemens von Metternich | the leader of the Congress of Vienna and the Austrian foreign minister |
| conservatism | * based on tradition and social stability, favored obedience to political authority and believed the organized religion was crucial to order of society. Hate revolutions |
| principle of intervention | * great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones |
| Liberalism | * based on enlightenment principles, believe equality before the law, freedom of assembly, speech and the press. religious toleration, separation of church and state, for peaceful opposition |
| universal male suffrage | * all adult men can vote |
| Charles Louis Napoleon (Louis-Napoleon) | president of France |
| German Confederation | 38 independent German States |
| multinational state | a collection of different people such as in Austria |
| Alexandra | wife of Czar Nicholas II of Russia |
| Grigori Rasputin | an uneducated Siberian peasant who claimed to be a holy man for the Russian Czar |
| soviets | * councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers in Russia |
| Bolsheviks | a small faction of a Marxist party called the Russian Social Democrats |
| V.I. Lenin | leader of the Bolsheviks |
| Leon Trotsky | commissar of war for the Red Army |
| war communism | * government control of banks and most industries, the seizing of grain from peasants, and the centralization of state adiministration |
| taille | French tax (only 3rd estate had to pay) |
| Bastille | armory and prision in Paris (it was strormed by an angry mob to begin the French Revolution) |
| Constitution of 1791 | during the Legislatiove Assembly government; limited monarchy, represenatatives and voters |
| Girondins | Were in the National Republic, representated republic providences outside of the cities, feared radical mobs, wanted to keep the king alive |
| Mountain | representated the city dwellers, were radical, wanted to kill the king and eventually they did. |
| Republic of Virtue | a deomcratic republic composed of 'good' citizens. They opened new schools, abolished slavery, and set price limits. Set up after the Reign of Terror ended. |
| Policy of dechristianization | the belief that reason should prevale. They removed saint from all street signs, pillaged churches, told priests to marry, set up a new calendar, Notre Dam was called the Temple of Reason |
| Directory | government in France (1795-1799), to house assembly, chosen by electors, 5 person directory at the top. Ended up being corrupt |
| Duma | legislative body in Russia |
