| A | B |
|---|
| Diploid Number - 2n | The full set of chromosomes of an organism; we have 46 chromosomes. AHR 2n =46 |
| Monoploid or Haploid Number - n | This is half the full set; our gametes contain 1/2 the amount. AHR n= 23 |
| Karyotype | Picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs |
| Autosomes | Chromosome that is NOT as sex chromosome |
| Sex Chromosome | The last pair of chromosomes on a karyotype; dictate the sex of the individual |
| Antigen | THis is a protein found on the surface of RBC - gives the blood type;Protein substance; can trigger an immune response; gives us the type of blood an individual has; found on the surface of RBC |
| Antibody | Plasma always contains the opporsite anitbody to the antigen on surface of RBC;Protein; found in plasma. It is the opposite to the blood antigen |
| Agglutinate | To clump |
| RBC | Red Blood Corpuscle (NOT a cell as it does not have a nucleus) |
| Erythrocyte | Another term for a RBC |
| Pedigree | Shows family relationships |
| Achrondoplasia | Dwarfism |
| Sex Linked Diseases | These are diseases and/or traits ONLY CARRIED on the sex chromosomes; the last pair of chromosome; women can carry it as well as have it. Men can either have it or NOT. They cannot carry it as they do not have a second X chromosomes. |
| Hemophilia | Bleeders' Disease |
| Color Blindness | This is a sex linked trait |
| Homozygous A type blood | AA |
| Heterozygous A type blood | Ao |
| Homozygous B type blood | BB |
| Heterozygous B type blood | Bo |
| Heterozygous AB type blood | AB |
| Homozygous O type blood | oo |
| ALS | Commonly called Lou Gherig Disease; carried on number 21 chromosome |
| Intron | Parts of DNA that does NOT code for proteins |
| Exons | Parts of DNA that do code for proteins |
| Allele | Form of a trait; Tt heterozygous; TT - homozygous |
| Genotype | Genetic make up...two letters---trait seen and trait carrier |
| Phenotype | Pysical characteristics; what we see; the first letter---Tt - I see Tall but you carry the message for short |
| ABO group | This is what we call the major blood types: A, B, AB and O |
| Purpose of Y chromosome for the male | Carries the testis-determining factor |
| Rh factor | Another type antigen covering the RBC |
| Rh positive | If you have this protein, you are Rh+ |
| Rh Negative | If you do not have this marker, you are Rh- |
| Genome | Reading of a gene;The complete genetic sequence of one set of chromosomes |
| Restriction Enzyme | Used to cut DNA into sections for study |
| Gel Electrophoresis | Used to separtate DNA fragments by size |
| Gene Therapy | An absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal, working gene |
| Promoters | Binding Sites for RNA polymerase |
| Restriction Enzymes | Cut DNA into sections |
| Purpose of a virus in gene therapy | The virus, not the plasmid, carries the DNA into the nucleus |
| Barr Bodies | It is the inactive X chromosome in a female cell; this produces Calico (tri coloreThe condensed, inactive x-chromosome found in the nuclei of somatic cells of most female mammals. It is also called sex chromatin. Females have only one Barr Body.; males usually have none |
| X incactivation | This is also called Lyonization (named after Mary Lyons). This is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosomes, present in female mammals, is inactivated. |
| Mary Lyons | Showed X Inactivation; Barr Bodies are present on the X that is OFF |
