| A | B |
|---|
| spoils system | government jobs given to people who made contributions or worked for the winning party |
| Tammany Hall & Boss Tweed | corrupt political machine in NYC - stole $200 million from NYC |
| Muckrakers | wrote about people who suffered as a result of industrialization |
| initiative | voters could directly introduce bills in the state legislature |
| referendum | voters could compel legislators to place a bill on the ballot for approval |
| recall | elected officials could be removed by voters in a special election |
| Australian Secret Ballot | private voting - no color coded ballots |
| Direct primary | special elections to choose candidates who would represent party members in the general election |
| Square Deal | TR’s legislative program meant fair play and equal opportunities |
| Bully pulpit | TR used the office of the presidency to push for reforms |
| trustbuster | term given to TR Roosevelt pledge to carry out the antitrust laws and to weed out evil business practices |
| Anthracite Coal Strike | workers had not had a pay raise in 20 yrs. TR supported the miners |
| Pure Food & Drug Act | passed in 1906. established government inspection of foods and drugs sold to the public |
| Meat Inspection Act | passed in 1906. established government inspection of meats sold to the public |
| William Howard Taft | President elected after TR. used his power to regulate big business & improve living conditions - New Freedom |
| Election of 1912 | TR ran against Taft as a 3rd party candidate - Progressive or Bull Moose pary |
| New Freedom | name given to Pres. Wilson's program |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition banned the sale of alcohol |
| 17th Amendment | people vote for their Senators instead of state legislators |
| 19th Amendment | women get the right to vote |
| Federal Reserve Act | established 12 Federal Reserve Banks to serve as "banker's banks" - lend $$$ to other banks |
| Clayton Anti-Trust | Congress outlawed many of the actions being used by businesses to prevent competition |
| Keating - Owens Act | designed to elminate child labor |
| Social Darwinism | the concept that the strong will survive |
| trusts | companies that join together to limit competition |
| Civil Service Commission | jobs were awarded on the basis of how well people did on special examinations |
| 16th Amendemnt | Federal Income Tax -a graduated or progressive income tax |
| U.S. Forest Service | Pres. Roosevelt created this to protect public lands |
| Civil Serivce Exams | people have to pass an exam for a public job |
| Progressive Income Tax | passed by the 16th amendment |
| Upton Sinclair | wrote The Jungle - exposed the meat packing industry |
| Thomas Nast | political cartoonist exposed corruption under Boss Tweed |
| Jacob Riis | Photographer & reporter wrote "How the Other Half Lives" |
| Ida Tarbell | wrote "History of Standard Oil" exposed practices of J.D. Rockefeller |
| John Spargo | wrote "The Bitter Cry of Children" describing child labor in U.S. |
| Louis Hine | took photographs of child laborers throughout the U.S. |
| Gifford Pinchot | TR appointed him head of the U.S. Forest Service |
| William Lloyd Garrison | editor of abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator" |
| Frederick Douglas | abolitionist |
| Harriet Tubman | organized the Underground Railroad |
| Ida Wells | crusaded against lynching; founder of the NAACP |
| Dorothea Dix | worked for reforms for the mentally ill |
| Jane Addams | created Hull House in Chicago's slums |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | leader for women's Rights - organized meeting in Seneca Falls, NY |
| Susan B. Anthony | leader in abolitionist of slavery & to achieve equal rights for women |
| W.E.B. DuBois | founder of the NAACP; Harvard graduate |
| Booker T. Washington | former slave; founder of Tuskegee Institue |
