| A | B |
|---|
| cell | basic functional unit of all living things |
| cell theory | all organism are composed of 1 or more cell |
| cell theory | the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms |
| cell theory | all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| prokayote | cell lacking a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles |
| prokayote | simple organisms usually unicellular ex. bacteria |
| eukayote | cell having a true nucleus and membrane-bound organisms |
| eukayote | always multi-cellular ex. plants and animals |
| cell membrane or plasma membrane | contains contents of cells; controls movement |
| cell wall | outermost portion of plant cell, non-living part of the cell, gives support and some shape to cells, found only in plant cells |
| cytoplasm | semi-fluid substances all parts of cell contained in |
| ribosome | forms proteins |
| chloroplasts | manufactures food in the cell by photosynthesis, found only in plants, contains the green pigment chlorophyll |
| chromosomes | are in the nucleus, and contain the code (DNA) that controls the cell and they transmit heredity characteristics |
| endoplasmic reticulum smooth and rough | synthesizes enzymes involved in the porcess of respiration |
| organelles | tiny organs inside a cell |
| golgi bodies | stores and releases chemicals in the cell; UPS of cell |
| mitochondria | releases most of the energy (ATP) from digested foods required by the cell; powerhouse of the cell |
| nuclear membrane | surrounds the nucleus and allows certain substances to pass between the mucleus and the rest of the cell |
| nucleus | found near the center of the cell, controls all cell activities; brain of the cell |
| vacuole | in the cytoplasm and stores water and other substances |
| chromosome | DNA; genetic material, stains dark, coiled up |
| surface area | measure of the exterior of the cell |
| volume | measure of the internal contents of the cell |
| polar molecule | molecule with a positive and negative charge |
| phospholipid bilayer | cross section of the cell membrane; made up of phosphates, lipids and proteins |
| semi permeable (selectively permeable) | the cell membrane selects what materials/substances may pass through at certain times |
| passive transport | mechanism that does not require energy from the cell and moves substances with the concentration gradient |
| active transport | requires energy from the cell and moves substances against the concentration gradient |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion/movement of water from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of substances from areas of high concentration on one side of the cell membrane to areas of low concentration to the other side of the cell membrane with the help of a transporter protein |
| hypertonic solution | concentration of solute is greater outside of the cell than inside the cell; greater amount of solutes (particles) in the solution; cell will shrink |
| hypotonic solution | concentration of solute is lower outside of the cell than inside the cell; lesser amount of solutes (particles) in the solution; cell will swell up |
| isotonic solution | concentration of solute outside of the cell is equal to the concentration of solute inside of the cell; equalibrium |
| endocytosis | cell ingesting solids or liquids by engulfing the substance with the plasma membrane |
| Robert Hooke | Scientist that named the "cell" |
| Theodor Schwann | Observed animal tissue under the microscope, shape of animal cell-round |
| M.J. Schleiden | Botanist-study of plants, determined plants & animal cells have a nucleus |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | 30 years after cell discovery-found microorganisms in pond water |
| Rudolf Virchow | "All cells come from pre-existing cells." |
| Felix Dujardin | French biologist discovered cytoplasm in living cells |
| Robert Brown | Observed plant cells & found nucleus in plants |
| centriole | aids in cell division, found only in animal cells |
| centrosome | surrounds centrioles, found only in animal cells |
| concentration gradient | Measure of the difference in concentration between regions of greater concentration and lesser concentration. |
| solute | particles that dissolve in a solvent ex. saltwater - water |
| solvent | liquid that dissolves particles ex. saltwater - salt |
| solution | a homogenous mixture between the solute and solvent ex. saltwater |
| crenation (animal cell) | water leaves resulting in the shrinking of the cell |
| plasmolysis (plant cell) | shrinking of cytoplasm by osmosis |
| turgid/turgor pressure | pressure resulting from water entering the plant cell |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | Cell membrane doesn't remain in a fixed position. It moves around and is fluid. |
| phospholipid bilayer | Cell membrane is composed of a double layer. Contains a polar head and nonpolar tail. |
| polar head | attracted to water |
| hydrophillic | water loving |
| nonpolar tail | repels water |
| hydorphobic | water hating |
| passive transport | type of transport across the membrane that does not require energy. Moves down the concentration gradient. |
| active transport | type of transport that requires energy. Moves against the concentration gradient. |
