| A | B |
|---|
| Fascism | Political theory that calls for a strong government headed by one individual and in which the state is more important than the individual. |
| D-Day | June 6, 1944; date of Allied invasion of France during World War II. |
| anti-semitism | hatred against those who practice Judaism [Jewish religion]. |
| liberation | Freedom |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | U.S. President during most of WWII, elected 4 times to office, and died in office. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | married to Eleanor Roosevelt |
| Benito Mussolini | Fascist leader of Italy. |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister [PM] of Great Britain. |
| AAA | Acronym for [1933,1938] Acts that paid farmers to reduce their crops, dairy products and hogs to help stabilize the U.S. economy. |
| National Recovery Act | (1933) Federal law intended to encourage economic growth by eliminating unfair competition among employers; declared unconstitutional in 1935. |
| NRA | Acronym for (1933) Federal law intended to encourage economic growth by eliminating unfair competition among employers; declared unconstitutional in 1935. |
| NIRA | Acronym for (1933) Federal law intended to encourage economic growth by eliminating unfair competition among employers; declared unconstitutional in 1935. |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. | Organization created by Congress during the Hundred Days to protect bank accounts by insuring deposits. |
| FDIC | Acronym for Organization created by Congress during the Hundred Days to protect bank accounts by insuring deposits. |
| Aaron Copeland | Composer who wrote uniquely American music. |
| Bessie Smith | African American blues singer. |
| Louis Armstrong | Jazz composer; wrote “Hello Dolly” & “What a Wonderful Life” |
| George Gershwin | Composer who wrote uniquely American music; “Strike up the Band” & “Rhapsody in Blue.” |
| Jacob Lawrence | Painter who chronicled the experiences of the Great Migration north through his art. |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | Novelist who wrote about the Jazz Age; among his books - “The Great Gatsby.” |
| Guglielmo Marconi | Responsible for the development of the radio. |
| David Sarnoff | Developed the broadcasting industry (NBC) |
| Isolationism | Policy of avoiding involvement in other nations' affairs. |
| Imperialism | The practice of building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations. |
| Nationalism | The belief that a specific nation, language or culture is superior to others. |
| Militarism | Policy of aggressive military preparedness. |
| Hawaii | Non-contiguous state whose capital is Honolulu! |
| Knights of Labor | The first national labor union in the United States; organized in 1869 and included workers of different races, gender and skills. |
| Haymarket Riot | (1886) Incident in which a bomb exploded during a labor protest held in Haymarket Square in Chicago, leading to deaths and injuries. |
| Pullman strike | (1894) Railroad strike by workers at Pullman's Palace Car Company that stopped traffic on many railroad lines until federal courts ordered the workers to return to their jobs. |
| Homestead strike | (1892) Violent strike at Andrew Carnegie's Homestead steel factory in Pennsylvania. |
| American Federation of Labor | One of the first large labor unions in the United States; organized in the1880s by Samuel Gompers as an association of individual skilled craft unions. |
| AFL | Acronym for One of the first large labor unions in the United States; organized in the1880s by Samuel Gompers as an association of individual skilled craft unions. |
| Progressives | Reformers who worked to improve social and political problems, beginning in the late 1800s. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | [1906] Legislation that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of mislabeled or contaminated food and drugs through interstate commerce. |
| Susan B. Anthony | [1820-1906]: Active reformer. She was involved in both the “Temperance Movement” and women’s rights. |
| Susan B. Anthony | She co-founded The National American Suffrage Association in 1869, and fought for equal pay in jobs for women too! |
| Susan B. Anthony | [1820-1906]: Active reformer. She was involved in both the “Temperance Movement” and women’s rights. She co-founded The National American Suffrage Association in 1869, and fought for equal pay in jobs for women too! |
| William “Boss” Tweed | A powerful political boss, who ran the political machine known as Tammany Hall in New York City. He was accused of stealing $200 million, found guilty and died in jail. |
| Thomas Nast | The political cartoonist who is responsible for the bringing down William “Boss” Tweed and his political machine known as Tammany Hall. |
| Tenements | poorly built, overcrowded housing [apartments] where many immigrants lived. |
| Settlement house | Neighborhood centers that arose in the late 1800s to offer education, recreation, and social activities to immigrants and poor people. Example: Hull House. |
| Jane Addams | Addams founded the Hull House and the National Federation of Settlements in 1911. Also campaigned for the women's suffrage movement. In 1931 she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. |
| Urban | Residential neighborhoods found within the city. |
| Suburbs | Residential neighborhoods surrounding a city. |
| Rural | Residential neighborhoods/areas found in the country. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | [1868-1963]: An educator, writer and editor who fought for African Americans. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | He believed in full political, civil and social rights for African Americans. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | He was a co-founder of the NAACP. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | [1868-1963]: An educator, writer and editor who fought for African Americans. He believed in full political, civil and social rights for African Americans. He was a co-founder of the NAACP. |
| Discriminate | to make a difference in treatment or favor on a basis other than individual merit. |
| Chicago | City in northeastern Illinois. Region: Midwest. Found on Lake Michigan [42N 88W]. |
| Chicago | During this period [1870-1910], became the meatpacking industrial center in the United States. |
| Harry S. Truman | made the decision to drop the Atomic bombs on Japan |
| Harry S. Truman | U.S. President who took over after FDR’s death; made the decision to drop the Atomic bombs on Japan. |
| Hideki Tojo | Leader of Japan. |
| Pearl Harbor | Harbor on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. |
| Pearl Harbor | Site of the Japanese surprise attack against the U.S. Pacific Fleet in 1941 |
| Pearl Harbor | Harbor on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Site of the Japanese surprise attack against the U.S. Pacific Fleet in 1941 |
| Pearl Harbor | December 7, 1941 |
| Joseph Stalin | Communist leader of Russia. |
| Normandy | Historic region in northern France that was the site of the D-Day invasion during World War II. |
| Potsdam Conference | (1945) Meeting of U.S. president Harry S Truman, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin after Germany's surrender in World War II, at which they divided Germany into four zones of occupation. |
| Computer | a device that computes, assembles, stores, correlates or processes information/data. |
| 26th Amendment | (1971) Constitutional amendment that lowered the federal voting age from 21 to 18. |
| Maginot Line | Fortified line of defenses that France built along its border with Germany after World War I. |
| Allied Powers | WWI alliance that included Britain, France, Russia, and later the U.S. and Italy. |
| UN | Acronym for International organization chartered in 1945 to resolve conflicts between nations. |
| East/West Germany | Country in central Europe. Divided into German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany in1949. Reunified in 1990. Capital: Berlin. (51°N 8°E). |
| Berlin Wall | Wall built in 1961 between East and West Berlin to stop East Berliners from crossing into the West during the Cold War. |
| Berlin Wall | U.S. President Ronald Reagan requested the leader of Germany [Gorbachev] to tear down the wall in 1987 after communism was failing. |
| Berlin Wall | Wall was pulled apart by the citizens in 1989. |
| Berlin Wall | Wall built in 1961 between East and West Berlin to stop East Berliners from crossing into the West during the Cold War. U.S. President Ronald Reagan requested the leader of Germany [Gorbachev] to tear down the wall in 1987 after communism was failing. Wall was pulled apart by the citizens in 1989. |
| Booker T. Washington | He was responsible for the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. |
| Booker T. Washington | Founded the National Negro Business League and served as its first president. |
| Woodrow Wilson | (1856-1924) Twenty-eighth president of the United States. |
| Yellow Journalism | the use of sensational, often exaggerated new stories in newspapers or other publications to attract readers. |
| San Francisco | Region: Pacific. It was the major city for entering point of immigrants from Asia to the U.S |
| Supply-side economics | Economic theory stating that government tax cuts would lead to increased economic activity, increased tax revenues, and a balanced budget. |
| Supply and Demand | factors that determine price of product sellers hope to sell it at and the amount that the consumer is willing to purchase the product. |
| Gross National Product | a quantitative measure of a nation's total economic activity, based on yearly or quarterly figures. |
| GNP | Acronym for a quantitative measure of a nation's total economic activity, based on yearly or quarterly figures. |
| Domino Theory | Cold War belief that if one nation in Southeast Asia fell to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would also fall. |
| Booker T. Washington | 1856-1915]: Born a slave, he became an educator and writer who fought for African Americans. He believed in industrial and agricultural training [vocational] rather than liberal arts education for African Americans. He was responsible for the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. |
| Booker T. Washington | He was responsible for the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Founded the National Negro Business League and served as its first president. |
| Booker T. Washington | [1856-1915]: Born a slave, he became an educator and writer who fought for African Americans. He believed in industrial and agricultural training [vocational] rather than liberal arts education for African Americans. He was responsible for the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Founded the National Negro Business League and served as its first president. |
| Denver | City in Colorado. Region: Rocky Mountain. One of the most rugged cities in the U.S. Known for it’s large horse ranches. |
| Denver | Remember the Broncos! |
| Chicago | Remember this city because of the Bulls!!! |
| San Francisco | City in western California on a peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. (38°N 122°W). |
| Mao Zedong | In 1966, initiated a program of political persecution known as the Cultural Revolution, which lasted until his death in 1976. |
| Baby Boom | A significant increase in the number of children being born |
| Baby Boom | American children born between the end of World War II and 1964. |
| Baby Boom | A significant increase in the number of children being born. American children born between the end of World War II and 1964. |
| G.I. Bill of Rights | (1944) Servicemen's Readjustment Act, which offered veterans education benefits and loans for houses, farms, and businesses. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | (1884–1962) Social reformer and first lady |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | 1905 - married FDR; became first lady in 1933 |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | fought for a number of social reforms, including civil rights legislation, poverty reduction, and women’s rights |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | appointed a delegate to United Nations, and lobbied for the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; |
| Battle of Stalingrad | (Sept.1942-Feb.1943) Critical victory by the Soviet Union against German forces during World War II. |
| Battle of the Bulge | (1944-45) World War II battle in which Allied forces ended Germany's ability to wage an offensive war. |
| Manhattan Project | Secret Allied project begun in 1942 to develop an atomic bomb. |
| concentration camps | places where people in Europe were sent by Hitler for work or death. |
| Bataan Death March | (1942) Forced march of tens of thousands of American and Filipino prisoners during World War II up the Bataan Peninsula to internment camps. |
| Aryan supremacy | belief that the Aryan race [primarily blond, blue-eyed] are better than everyone else. This is the reasoning behind Hitler’s extermination of Jews, gypsies, disabled, etc. |
| Rosie the Riveter | Symbol of American workers during WWII. |
| internment camp | Forced relocation and imprisonment of people. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | U.S. President during most of WWII |
| New Deal | President Franklin D. Roosevelt's programs for helping the U.S. economy during the Great Depression. |
| Over-speculation | Going way above the investing of money in a high-risk venture in hopes of making a profit. |
| Buying On Margin | Purchasing stocks on credit. |
| Federal Reserve | (1913) Act that created a national banking system to help regulate the economy. |
| Social Security | (1935) Legislation that created Social Security, which provides retirement pensions and unemployment insurance to U.S. workers, as well as aid to older Americans and people with disabilities. |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; the day the stock market collapsed, leading to the Panic of 1929. |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | (1933) New Deal program that built dams to provide hydroelectric power and flood control to the Tennessee River valley. |
| TVA | Acronym for (1933) New Deal program that built dams to provide hydroelectric power and flood control to the Tennessee River valley. |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act | [1933,1938] Acts that paid farmers to reduce their crops, dairy products and hogs to help stabilize the U.S. economy. |
| Rosie the Riveter | Poster girl for working women during 1940s –Slogan: “We Can Do It” |
| Appeasement | The act of giving in to an aggressor to preserve peace. |
| Axis Powers | Military alliance formed by Italy and Germany in 1936; later joined by Japan and other countries. Fought against the Allied Powers in World War II. |
| Battle of Midway | (May,1942) World War II battle in which U.S. warplanes crippled Japan's navy. |
| Allied Powers | The World War II alliance between Britain and France, and later the United States and other countries, that fought against the Axis Powers. |
| Lend-Lease Act | (1941) Law that allowed the United States to loan weapons and other war supplies to Britain and the Soviet Union. |
| Battle of Britain | (June1940-41) Battle fought between British and German air forces for control of the skies over Great Britain. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | [1929–1968] - Civil rights leader. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | He helped lead the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | In 1957 he formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which promoted nonviolence and Christian beliefs in the fight to desegregate the South. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | led numerous nonviolent demonstrations throughout the South in the 1950s and 1960s. |
| Speakeasies | Secret, illegal clubs that served alcohol during prohibition. |
| Prohibition | The banning of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. |
| bootleggers | People who smuggled liquor into the United States from Canada and Mexico during prohibition. |
| Jazz Age | A term for the 1920s; so called because of jazz music's popularity during the decade. |
| Red Scare | A wave of anticommunist fear that swept the United States after World War I. |
| Great Migration | Mass migration of some 500,000 African Americans to mid-western and northern U.S. cities during and after World War I. |
| Harlem Renaissance | Period of great African American artistic achievement in the 1920s; named for the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. |
| Duke Ellington | Jazz composer; gifted piano player |
| Georgia O'Keefe | A female artist known for her paintings of urban scenes; later in life, she changed to scenes of the Southwest. |
| Langston Hughes | Poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots. |
| Malcolm X | [1925-1965]- Minister and activist. |
| Malcolm X | 1946, discovered the teachings of the Nation of Islam [Black Muslims]; |
| Malcolm X | Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska. |
| Malcolm X | preached African Americans were superior to white people and should not join white society [segregation] |
| Adolf Hitler | Led the NAZI German party into WWII, |
| Adolf Hitler | responsible for the Holocaust in WWII, and committed suicide at the end of WWII. |
| Harry S. Truman | U.S. President who took over after FDR’s death |
| Malcolm X | Minister and activist. Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska. 1946, discovered the teachings of the Nation of Islam [Black Muslims]; changed last name to X; preached African Americans were superior to white people and should not join white society [segregation]; supported the use of violence for self-protection. He left the Black Muslims in 1964 and traveled to Mecca, where he modified [partially changed] his views on black separatism and organized the Organization of Afro-American Unity. In February 1965, at a rally for his new organization, Malcolm X was shot to death by Black Muslims. |
| Vietnam | Country in southeastern Asia. Capital: Hanoi. (18°N 107°E). Conflict/War fought against communism by the U.S. |
| Communism | Type of government that believes in equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property. |
| Soviet Union | Location - Vast country that extends from eastern Europe through northwestern Asia. Capital: Moscow. (61°N 60°E). |
| Soviet Union | Communist Nation. Leader: Mikhail Gorbachev. |
| Soviet Union | Vast country that extends from eastern Europe through northwestern Asia. Capital: Moscow. (61°N 60°E). Communist Nation. Leader: Mikhail Gorbachev. |
| Soviet Union | Also known as Russia |
| Soviet Union | Also known as USSR |
| Soviet Union | Also known as United States of the Soviet Republic |
| Douglas MacArthur | during the Great Depression, sent troops to remove Bonus Army members from Washington, D.C. |
| Mao Zedong | promoted industrialization and agricultural reform in China in hopes of surpassing the West in production |
| Immigration Reform and Control Act | -(1986) Legislation that granted legal status to illegal aliens, or non-citizens, who could prove they had lived continuously in the United States since before January 1, 1982. |
| Silicon Valley | an area south of San Francisco where major computer companies are located. |
| European Union | Group of 11 European nations that joined together in 1993 to form a single market with a common currency and a common bank in order to increase their global economic power. |
| Airline Jets | Commercial airlines April 1948, after the end of World War II immediately realized the value of jets |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | (1896) Supreme Court case that established the separate-but-equal doctrine for public facilities. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Supreme Court ruling that declared that segregation in public schools is illegal |
| Brown v. Board of Education | overturned the separate-but-equal doctrine established in 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | 1961 President JFK appointed her chair of the Commission on the Status of Women. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | (1884–1962) Social reformer and first lady |
| Yalta Conference | (1945) Meeting of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin during World War II to plan for the postwar world. |
| Marshall Plan | U.S. program of giving aid to European countries to help them rebuild their economies after World War II. |
| Nuremberg Trials | (1945) War crimes trials of high-ranking Nazi officials held by the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany. |
| Internment camp | Forced relocation and imprisonment of people. During WWII, the U.S. interred Japanese Americans, taking away their homes, furniture and monies and placing them in internment camps in the United States. |
| Rosie the Riveter | Poster girl for working women during 1940s |
| Rosie the Riveter | Slogan: “We Can Do It” |
| Adolf Hitler | Fascist dictator of Germany. |
| Malcolm X | supported the use of violence for self-protection. |
| Great Depression | Serious, global economic decline that began with the U.S. stock market crash in 1929. |
| Bulgaria | Republic in southeastern Europe. Capital: Sofia. (42°N 23°E). Know where it is located. |
| Serbia | Part of Yugoslavia, located in southeastern Europe. Capital: Belgrade. (45°N 20°E) . |
| Serbia | This is the nation of the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand [the spark] that started WWI. |
| Holocaust | The Nazis' killing of some 6 million Jews and about 3 million other people in World War II. Others have reported the numbers from 11 million to 15 million deaths. |
| Austria-Hungary | Monarchy in central Europe from 1867 to 1919. Consisted of Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, Monrovia, and parts of Poland, Romania, and the former Yugoslavia. This country's leader was assassinated by a Serbian national, which was considered the “spark” that ignited WWI. |
| Great Britain | Island that includes England, Wales and Scotland. |
| Great Britain | one of the three Allied Powers who fought against the Central Powers |
| Great Britain | They were the United States closest ally. |
| Great Britain | England a country of the United Kingdom that makes up most of the southern part of the island of Great Britain. Capital: London. (51°N 1°W) |
| Great Britain | also known as England |
| Great Britain | also known as the United Kingdom |
| Great Britain | also known as the UK |
| Great Britain | Island that includes England, Wales and Scotland. Great Britain is one of the three Allied Powers who fought against the Central Powers. They were the United States closest ally. England a country of the United Kingdom that makes up most of the southern part of the island of Great Britain. Capital: London. (51°N 1°W) |
| Serbia | Serbia: Part of Yugoslavia, located in southeastern Europe. Capital: Belgrade. (45°N 20°E) . This is the nation of the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand [the spark] that started WWI. |
| Russia | Played a major role in the Allied Powers fight against Germany. |
| Germany | The major power in the Central Powers alliance. Kaiser Wilhelm was their leader. |
| Germany | Country in central Europe. Capital: Berlin. (51°N 8°E). The major power in the Central Powers alliance. Kaiser Wilhelm was their leader |
| Russia | Leader was Czar Nicholas II. |
| France | This country sided with The Allied Powers to defeat Germany. |
| France | Most of the battles took place on French soil. |
| France | Country in western Europe. Capital: Paris. (46°N 1°E) . This country sided with The Allied Powers to defeat Germany. Most of the battles took place on French soil. |
| Ottoman Empire | An empire containing countries in lower Europe, northern Africa and the Middle East. |
| Ottoman Empire | This empire had lost many countries prior to World War I and saw an alliance with Germany and the other Central Powers as a way to gain these countries again. |
| Ottoman Empire | An empire containing countries in lower Europe, northern Africa and the Middle East. This empire had lost many countries prior to World War I and saw an alliance with Germany and the other Central Powers as a way to gain these countries again. |
| Woodrow Wilson | (1856-1924) Twenty-eighth president of the United States. |
| Woodrow Wilson | Presented the 14 points and the League of Nations proposal. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | led the March on Washington, during which he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | On April 4, 1968, was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | In 1986 a national holiday in his honor was established. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | Civil rights leader. Born in Atlanta, Ga. He helped lead the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955. In 1957 he formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which promoted nonviolence and Christian beliefs in the fight to desegregate the South. Led numerous nonviolent demonstrations throughout the South in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1963 led the March on Washington, during which he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. On April 4, 1968, was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. In 1986 a national holiday in his honor was established. |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | (1955–56) African American boycott of the city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, which led to the changing of discriminatory bus rules. |
| U.S.S. Maine | ship that exploded in port and became the battle cry for the United States to get involved in Spanish-American War, “Remember the Maine”. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | [1858-1919] 26th President of the United States. Environmentalist, moderate reformer, hero of Spanish-American War. |
| Great White Fleet | fleet of ships from United States that traveled around the world to show off the nation’s new naval power. |
| Big Stick Diplomacy | term used for Theodore Roosevelt’s style of interaction with other countries. |
| Puerto Rico | Spell: Puerto Rico:) |
| Philippines | the island nation that Commodore Dewey won the major naval battle aginst Spain during Spanish-American War |
| Panama | Major canal was built in this country during the United States move to becoming a major power. |
| Guam | Spell: Guam:) |
| Cuba | This island is 70 miles off the Florida coast; leader today is Castro |
| Alaska | Non-contiguous state whose capital is Juneau! |
| Hiroshima | Japanese city bombed by a U.S. atomic weapon in August 1945. |
| Nagasaki | Second Japanese city bombed by a U.S. atomic weapon in August 1945. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Known for his fireside chats and New Deal approach |
| Malcolm X | He left the Black Muslims in 1964 and traveled to Mecca, where he modified [partially changed] his views on black separatism and organized the Organization of Afro-American Unity. |
| Malcolm X | In February 1965, at a rally for his new organization, was shot to death by Black Muslims. |
| EU | Acronym for Group of 11 European nations that joined together in 1993 to form a single market with a common currency and a common bank in order to increase their global economic power. |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | Group formed by W. E. B. Du Bois and others in 1909 to pursue the goals of economic, educational, and social equality for African Americans; inspired by the Niagara Movement. |
| NAACP | Acronym for Group formed by W. E. B. Du Bois and others in 1909 to pursue the goals of economic, educational, and social equality for African Americans; inspired by the Niagara Movement. |
| Airline Jets | All airplane travelers wanted a faster commute to their destination. |
| Detroit | Remember this city because of the Pistons!!! |
| Old Immigrant | Immigrants who came to the United States before the 1880s; |
| Cold War | Global power struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted from 1945 to 1991. |
| Marshall Plan | U.S. program of giving aid to European countries to help them rebuild their economies after World War II. |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization | Military alliance formed in 1949 by the United States and 11 other countries to help defend each other in case of attack. |
| NATO | Acronym for Military alliance formed in 1949 by the United States and 11 other countries to help defend each other in case of attack. |
| Mao Zedong | Founder and leader of the People's Republic of China |
| Mao Zedong | Marxist political philosophy |
| Mao Zedong | Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, he formulated a government resembling that of the Soviet Union. |
| Warsaw Pact | Military alliance formed in 1951 by the USSR and 7 other countries to help defend each other in case of attack against NATO countries. |
| United Nations | International organization chartered in 1945 to resolve conflicts between nations. |
| Douglas MacArthur | He led U.S. forces in the Pacific theater; accepted the Japanese surrender in September 1945 |
| Douglas MacArthur | 1950 commanded the United Nations forces in the Korean War |
| Douglas MacArthur | [1880-1964] - Army general Born in Little Rock, Arkansas. |
| Douglas MacArthur | [1880-1964] - Army general Born in Little Rock, Arkansas. West Point graduate, 1903. World War I, commanded the 42nd Division in France; served in the Philippines - 1922 to 1925; during the Great Depression, seny troops to remove Bonus Army members from Washington, D.C.; retired in 1937, but returned in 1941 to fight in WWII. He led U.S. forces in the Pacific theater; accepted the Japanese surrender in September 1945; and supervised the occupation of Japan; 1950 commanded the United Nations forces in the Korean War; final retirement in 1951. |
| Korea | A country in eastern Asia between the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. |
| Korea | After World War II the Soviet- and U.S.-occupied territories formed separate republics |
| Korea | a North Korean invasion of the south led to the Korean War (1950-1953) |
| Korea | It is now divided between North Korea and South Korea. |
| Airline Jets | Commercial airlines April 1948, after the end of World War II immediately realized the value of jets; All airplane travelers wanted a faster commute to their destination. |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Agency established by Congress in 1958 to conduct space research. |
| NASA | Acronym for Agency established by Congress in 1958 to conduct space research. |
| Global warming | Potential environmental threat caused by the rising temperature on Earth from heat trapped in the planet's atmosphere. |
| Information Revolution | Rapid growth in the availability and transfer of information that took place in the 1990s |
| Information Revolution | Rapid growth in the availability and transfer of information that took place in the 1990s; made possible by the increased use of computers. |
| Information Revolution | made possible by the increased use of computers |
| World Trade Organization | Organization that supervises international trade; has some 140 members, including the United States. |
| WTO | Acronym for Organization that supervises international trade; has some 140 members, including the United States. |
| Regional variation | specific language, cultural or geographiacl differences between areas |
| Brown v. Board of Education | (1954) Supreme Court ruling that declared that segregation in public schools is illegal; overturned the separate-but-equal doctrine established in 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. |
| Central Powers | WWI alliance led by Austria-Hungary & Germany, later joined by Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire. |
| Lusitania | British passenger liner sunk by a German U-boat in May 1915; the deaths of 128 Americans contributed to U.S. involvement in WWI. |
| U-boats | German submarines; stands for undersea boat. |
| Neutrality | Staying out of any event, not taking a stand or opinion. |
| League of Nations | International congress of nations formed in 1919 that was designed to settle disputes and maintain peace and collective security. |
| Treaty of Versailles | (1919) Treaty ending World War I that required Germany to pay billions of dollars of war costs and established the League of Nations. |
| Treaty of Versailles | Major factor in the creation of World War II. |
| Treaty of Versailles | Only country NOT to sign the treaty was the UNITED STATES! |
| Austria-Hungary | Monarchy in central Europe from 1867 to 1919. |
| Austria-Hungary | Consisted of Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, Monrovia, and parts of Poland, Romania, and the former Yugoslavia. |
| Austria-Hungary | This country's leader was assassinated by a Serbian national, which was considered the “spark” that ignited WWI. |
| Russia | Location - Vast country that extends from eastern Europe through northwestern Asia. Capital: Moscow. (61°N 60°E). Played a major role in the Allied Powers fight against Germany. Leader was Czar Nicholas II. |
| Italy | Country in southern Europe. Capital: Rome. (44°N 11 °E). |
| Italy | Played in both alliances during the WWI. |
| Italy | Country in southern Europe. Capital: Rome. (44°N 11 °E). Played in both alliances during the war. |
| France | Country in western Europe. Capital: Paris. (46°N 1°E) . |
| St. Louis | City in Missouri. Region: Midwest. “The Arch” and known as the gateway to the West. |
| Pittsburgh | City in southwestern Pennsylvania. Region: Northeast . |
| Pittsburgh | During this period, became the steel-manufacturing industrial center in the United States. |
| Pittsburgh | Remember this city by the Steelers! |
| Pittsburgh | City in southwestern Pennsylvania. Region: Northeast . During this period, became the steel-manufacturing industrial center in the United States. Remember this city by the Steelers! |
| Los Angeles | Large city in southwestern California. (34°N 118°W). Region: Pacific. |
| Los Angeles | During this period [1879-1910], combines 2 cultures: Hispanic and American. |
| Los Angeles | Remember this city as the “City of Angels”. |
| Los Angeles | It will become a major industry of film in the coming decades – Think Hollywood!! |
| New York City | City in New York. Region: Northeast. |
| New York City | Major immigration point during this period. |
| New York City | Largest city in the United States, with major ethnic/cultural experiences due to immigration. |
| New York City | Think of this city as the Giants because it was so large!!! |
| New York City | Region: Northeast. Major immigration point during this period. Largest city in the United States, with major ethnic/cultural experiences due to immigration. Think of this city as the Giants because it was so large!!! |
| Washington, D. C. | Nation’s Capitol. |
| Washington, D. C. | Known as the political Powerhouse. |
| Washington, D. C. | President of the United States, politicians, and ambassadors from other nations live here. |
| Washington, D. C. | Remember this is not the state that shares a similar name! |
| Atlanta | Capital of Georgia. (33°N 84°W). Region: Southeast. |
| Atlanta | Begins a renewal after the devastating effects of the Civil War. |
| Atlanta | Capital of Georgia. (33°N 84°W). Region: Southeast. Begins a renewal after the devastating effects of the Civil War. |
| New Orleans | Major seaport in Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico. |
| New Orleans | Plays a key role in the 1920s and Jazz! |
| New Orleans | Major seaport in Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico. Plays a key role in the 1920s and Jazz! |
| Philadelphia | City in southeastern Pennsylvania. Region: Northeast. |
| Philadelphia | Known as the city of “Brotherly Love”. |
| Philadelphia | Remember this as one of the beginning points of our US History with the Spirit of 1776 and the 76ers or Eagles! |
| Philadelphia | City in southeastern Pennsylvania. Region: Northeast. Known as the city of “Brotherly Love”. Remember this as one of the beginning points of our US History with the Spirit of 1776 and the 76ers or Eagles! |
| assembly line | A system that moves parts and partly assembled products among factory workers to speed production. |
| Henry Ford | (1863–1947) Automobile manufacturer. |
| Henry Ford | Noted for Ford Motor Company, and the Model T. |
| Henry Ford | lowered production costs by introducing the moving assembly line in 1913. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Who was an (1794–1877) Industrialist – Railroads. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Who, beginning in 1862, controlled the New York and Harlem Railroad, the Hudson River Railroad, and the New York Central Railroad. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | By 1846 he had become a millionaire. Beginning in 1862, controlled the New York and Harlem Railroad, the Hudson River Railroad, and the New York Central Railroad. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Who was an (1839–1937) Industrialist and philanthropist - Oil |
| John D. Rockefeller | Who became the president of Standard Oil Company in 1870. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Who, through aggressive business practices, he gained a MONOPOLY of the U.S. oil business. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Ida Tarbell used muckraking practices to show his company - Standard Oli's - bad business policies! |
| Andrew Carnegie | Who was an (1835–1919) Industrialist, philanthropist, and humanitarian - Steel |
| Andrew Carnegie | Who was born in Scotland. Owner of Carnegie Steel. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Who, in 1901, merged with United States Steel Corporation. |
| Andrew Carnegie | He also made large contributions for the establishment of public libraries. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Who was an (1847-1922) Inventor –Telephone. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Who was born in Scotland. Patented inventions include the gramaphone, metal detector, tetrahedral kite and developed the hydrofoil airplane with others. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | His major developments assisted those people who are deaf as well as in the area of flight and exploration. |
| Thomas Edison | Who was an (1847–1931) Inventor – Light bulb |
| Thomas Edison | Who was the "The Wizard of Menlo Park" |
| Thomas Edison | Who patented inventions include the light bulb, phonograph, movie camera, and an electric locomotive. |
| Thomas Edison | Who had more than 1,000 patents when he died. |
| Thomas Edison | Who was bBorn in Ohio. First inventions improved telegraph equipment in 1869. |
| Wright Brothers | Who were Orville (1871-1948) and Wilbur (1867-1912) – Inventors – Airplane known as? |
| Wright Brothers | Who experimented with flight on Dec. 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, N.C., the first controlled, sustained flights in a power-driven airplane. |
| Wright | What brothers had the longest flight by Wilbur, covered 852 ft (259 m) in 59 sec. |
| Detroit | City in Michigan. Region: Midwest. |
| Detroit | During this period [1879-1910], became the automobile-manufacturing industrial center in the United States. |
| Booker T. Washington | [1856-1915]: Born a slave, he became an educator and writer who fought for African Americans. |
| Booker T. Washington | He believed in industrial and agricultural training [vocational] rather than liberal arts education for African Americans. |
| Old Immigrant | most were from northern Europe - Irish, Germans to the East Coast; and Chinese to the West Coast. |
| New Immigrant | Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s |
| New Immigrant | most were from southern and eastern Europe. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) Law prohibiting Chinese people from immigrating to the U.S. for a period of 10 years, was extended into the early 1900s. |
| Boston | City in Massachusetts. Region: Northeast. |
| Boston | The third largest immigration point of this period 1870-1910, mainly due to the Irish potato famine causing the Irish to leave Ireland. |
| Boston | Remember this city by the Celtics!!! |
| Cattle Kingdom | Area of the Great Plains, stretching from Texas to Canada, on which many ranchers raised cattle in the late 1800s. |
| Reservations | Federal lands set aside for American Indians. |
| Homestead Act | [1862] Law passed by Congress to encourage settlement in the West by giving government-owned land to small farmers. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | A railroad that crossed the continental United States, connecting the East to the West |
| Battle of the Little Big Horn | [1876] “Custer’s Last Stand” |
| Battle of the Little Big Horn | battle between U.S. soldiers, led by George Armstrong Custer, and Sioux forces led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull |
| Battle of the Little Big Horn | the worst defeat of the U.S. Army in the West. |
| Battle of the Little Big Horn | Battle that was a Native American victory. |
| Massacre at Wounded Knee | [1890] U.S. Army’s killing of approximately 150 Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota; |
| Massacre at Wounded Knee | This battle ended wars on the Great Plains. |
| Massacre at Wounded Knee | 1890] U.S. Army’s killing of approximately 150 Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota; ended wars on the Great Plains. |
| Flatlands | Land that gradually rises from the east to the west, located in the Great Plains. |
| Great Plains | A large area of flatlands, starting past the west of the Mississippi River until the Rocky Mountains; includes most of the Midwest region. |
| Barbed Wire | [1874] Technological advancement patented by Joseph Glidden; which was used as fences in the West. |
| Sitting Bull | [1834-1890] Sioux Indian leader; led tribe into battle at Little Big Horn. He fled to Canada, returned to a reservation in the Dakota Territory (1881), stating he was the “last man of his tribe to surrender my rifle.” He was killed by the reservation police in 1890. |
| George Custer | U.S. Army general who led a campaign against American Indians during the Indian Wars; was killed at the battle of the Little Big Horn, the greatest defeat of the U.S. Army during the war on the Great Plains. |
| Chief Joseph | [1840-1904] leader of the Nez Perce; led his people in a 1400 mile retreat from U.S. Army during a 3 month period; eventually surrendered and placed on a reservation first in Oklahoma then Washington. |
| San Antonio | City in Texas. Region: Southwest. |
| San Antonio | The starting point of the Chisholm Trail with increased Mexican immigration during the 1870s-1890s |
| San Antonio | Remember the Alamo!!! City |
| Santa Fe | City in New Mexico. Region: Southwest. |
| Santa Fe | It was the ending point of the Santa Fe Trail. |
| Textile industry | An industry that is filled with factories and mills. Men, women and children worked in these factories and mills. |
| Textile industry | Textiles is the term for making materials for cloth in order to create clothes, linens, etc. |
| Textile industry | The New England region is known as the what industrial center during 1870-1910. |
| Automobile industry | An industry whose main focus is building cars. |
| Automobile industry | During this period [1870-1910], Detroit became the industrial center in the United States. |
| Steel industry | An industry whose main focus is forging steel. |
| Steel industry | During this period [1870-1910], Pittsburgh became the industrial center in the United States. |
| Meatpacking industry | An industry whose main focus is meatpacking. |
| Meatpacking industry | During this period [1870-1910], Chicago became what industrial center in the United States. |
| Canal | A waterway made by people that is used to drain or irrigate land or to connect two bodies of water. |
| Canal | Examples of this geographic feature are the Erie _____ and the Panama _________. |
| Latitude | Distance in degrees north or south from the Equator. |
| Longitude | Distance in degrees east or west from the Prime Meridian. |
| Elevation | Height above sea level. |
