| A | B |
|---|
| tariff | a tax on foreign goods |
| Republican | political party formed to stop the spread of slavery |
| Democrat | political party that had a northern and southern candidate for the 1860 election |
| Constitutional Union Party | political party in the 1860 presidential election with the goal of finding a compromise between the North and South. |
| cotton gin | an invention which increased the speed of cleaning cotton and allowed huge profits from growing cotton. |
| abolition | to get rid of |
| Harriet Tubman | abolitionist who helped slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad |
| Frederick Douglas | a runaway slave who worked to end slavery through his powerful writings and speeches |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican candidate who won the 1860 election |
| discrimination | policy or attitude that denies equal rights and treatment to certain groups of people |
| sectionalism | development of rivalries and alliances within the same country based on geographic or economic differences. Sectionalism created conflicts between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | (1852) book written by Abolitionist author, Harriet Beacher Stowe, describing the cruel treatment of black slaves in the South. |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | agreement between advocates and opponents of slavery admitting Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and establishing a boundary between free territory and slave territory. |
| Compromise of 1850 | law that established the boundary between free and slave territories and revised the Missouri Compromise. California enters as a free state, Fugitive Slave Act created, slave trade made illegal in Washington D.C. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) | law allowing the people of Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether their territory would be admitted to the union as a free or slave state. Led to "Bleeding Kansas" |
| Republican Party (1854-1856) | Political party created to stop the spread of slavery into the territories. |
| Dred Scott vs. Sandford (1857) | Case in which the Supreme Court decided that slaves were property; the decision was a catalyst for the Civil War |
| Civil War | war which occurred between 1861-1865 between the northern and southern states of the United States |
| Emancipation Proclamation | freed the slaves in the rebelling states expanded the reasons to fight and gave a moral reason to fight |
| Gettysburgh Address | powerful speech expressing that the Union was fighting for a good cause |
| blockade | shutting off a port by positioning ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out. |
| Reconstruction | period following the Civil War when the country attempted to rebuild. |
| 13th Amendment | Constitutional Amendment that ended slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Constitutional Amendment that gave African-Americans citizenship and protects the rights of all citizens |
| 15th Amendment | Constitutional Amendment that gave African Americans suffrage (right to vote) |
| impeach | bringing formal charges of misconduct against a public official |
| sharecropping | person who farms land owned by another in exchange for a share of the crops |
| slave codes | laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights |
| black codes | laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War restricting the rights of freed slaves |
| Jim Crow Laws | laws which established segregation (legal to separate blacks and whites) |
| integration | the bringing together of the races |
| segregation | separation of the races; principle established by the doctrine of "separate but equal." Segregation resulted in the establishment of separate facilities for whites and blacks. |
| poll tax | tax paid by individuals wishing to vote enacted by Southern states in an attempt to prevent freed slaves from exercising their right to vote; poll taxes were made unconstitutional by the Twenty-fourth Amendment. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court case which determined "separate but equal" to be Constitutional |
