| A | B |
|---|
| knight | armored horseman |
| squire | knight's servant (14 - 21 years old) |
| page | waited on a knight (7 - 14 years old) |
| serf | worked the noble's land |
| feudalism | system of loyalties/protections |
| vassal | served a lord for land |
| fief | land given to a vassal |
| chivalry | rules followed by knights |
| cathedral | large, regional church |
| Chartres | city in France, important Gothic cathedral |
| clergy | religious workers - all levels |
| convent | community in which nuns live |
| Gothic | architecture with pointed arches |
| monastery | community in which monks live |
| monk | male religious worker |
| nun | female religious worker |
| Romanesque | architecture with rounded arches and vaults |
| Paris | capital of France |
| parchment | paperlike material made from sheepskin |
| apprentice | learns a trade from a master |
| charter | document granting self-government |
| Flanders | formerly a small country in the north of Europe |
| guild | groups of merchants and craft workers |
| journeyman | learns advance skills while working a trade |
| King John | forced to sign Magna Carta - 1215 CE |
| Magna Carta | 1215 CE - document limiting King's power |
| master | one who has learned a trade |
| nation-state | country with a strong central government |
| plague | Black Death (sickness) |
| Charlemagne | Charles the Great |
| chieftain | leader of a tribe |
| crusader | Christian soldier who fought for the Holy Lands |
| Crusades | wars fought to capture the Holy Lands |
| Germanic tribes | from area in or near present day Germany |
| Holy Roman Empire | ancient empire in central Europe |
| Middle Ages | period of history 500 - 1500 CE |
| plunder | goods taken by force |
| Pope | leader of the Roman Catholic Church |
| scholar | learned person |
| shrine | holy place |
| Turks | captured Arab Empire, Muslims |
| Vikings | warriors from Norway, Sweden and Denmark |
| Pope Urban II | urged people to take back the Holy Lands - 1095 CE |
| Pope Leo II | crowned Charlemagne head of Holy Roman Empire - 800 CE |
| Battle of Tours | 732 - Charels Martel defeats the Islamic Moors |
| Benedict | establish rules for monks in Christianity |
| Clovis | leaders of the Franks, late 400s - early 500s |
| Gual | in western Europe, modern day France |
| Louis the Pious | son of Charlemagne, Emperor in 814 |
| Pepin the Short | Charles Martel son; Charlemagne's father |
| Pope Gregory I | "The Great", broadened teh papacy beyond a spiritual role |
| secular | worldly; not religious |
| Treaty of Verdun | following the death of Louis the German, divided the empire into three kingdoms amoung Charlemagne's grandsons. |
