| A | B |
|---|
| Hormones | Chemical transmitters released by glands into the blood |
| Primary disease of the Endocrine System | Disease due to malfunction of an organ |
| Secondary disease of the Endocrine System | Caused by malfunction of endocrine gland that stimulates that organ |
| Pineal Gland | Body's biological clock |
| Seasonal Affectove Disorder | Elevated melatonin |
| Pituitary Gland | Site of 10-20% intracranial tumors |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | Ant lobe: promotes normal growth |
| Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) | Ant lobe: promotes pigmentation |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | Ant lobe: Stimulates function of thyroid gland |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone | Ant lobe: Stimulates adrenal cortex |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | Ant lobe: Stimulates growth of follicles in ovaries and spermatogenesis |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | Ant lobe: Stimulates ovulation and regulates testosterone |
| Prolactin (PRL) | Ant lobe: lactation, potentiates testosterone |
| Oxytocin | Post lobe: Uterine contraction |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | Post lobe: concentrates urine and conserving fluids |
| Acromegaly | Hyperpituitarism: increase in GH in the adult |
| Parlodel | Decrease GH |
| Gigantism | Hyperpituitarism: Increase in GH before epiphysis closure in childhood |
| Sandostatin | Suppresses all pituitary hormones |
| Prolactinemia | Excess prolactin |
| Somatotropin | Treats hypopituitarism. PM dose, children only |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Deficient ADH, excessive diluted urine |
| Lithium, Dilantin | Can cause diabetes insipidus |
| Polyuria | 5,000-20,000cc/day |
| Adrenal Medulla | Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Adrenal Cortex | Produces steroids: glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoids, androgens |
| Glucocorticoids | THE anti-inflammatory; increases glucose levels |
| Adrenal atrophy | Adrenal glands on vacation; take off steroids slowly |
| Mineralocorticoids | Na reabsorption |
| Exogenous cause of Hyper Adrenal | Prolonged use of high dose steroids |
| Endogenous causes of hyper Adrenal | Corticotropin, Cortisol, neoplasms |
| Cushing's Syndrome | Increased secretion of adrenal cortex |
| Conn's Syndrome | Cause of hyperaldosteronism from an adrenal tumor |
| Addison's Disease | Cortisol insufficiency; hypofunction of adrenal cortex |
| Addisonian crisis | Shock; cause is usually not taking corticosteroids as ordered |
| Pheochromocytoma | Hypersecretion adrenal medulla d/t epinephrine excreting tumor |
| Calcitonin | Produced by thyroid gland; moves Ca++ in blood into bones |
| Grave's Disease | Hyperthyroidism; excessive T3 T4; autoimmune |
| Thyroid Storm | Release large amounts of thyroxin causing elevation in body processes |
| Cretinism | Decreased T3/T4 from birth; results in dwarfism |
| Myxedema Coma | Hypothyroidism complication; hypotension, hypoventilation |
| Goiter | Enlarged thyroid without over or undersecretion |
| Parathyroid | Regulate calcium in the blood |
| Hypoparathyroidism | Hypocalcemia, Ca++ below 8.5 |
| Hyperparathyroidism | Hypercalcemia |
| Thymus Gland | Normal development of immunologic function early in life |
| Islet alpha cells | Produce Glucagon; raises blood sugar |
| Islet beta cells | Produce insulin; lowers blood sugar |
| Islet delta cells | Secrete somatostatin and gastrin |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Insufficient or absent insulin or inability of cell to use insulin |
| Normal blood sugar | 70-120 mg/dL |
| DM blood sugar | Fasting > 126 mg/dL |
| Type 1 DM | Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus |
| Type 2 DM | Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus |
| Fasting Blood Sugar | Blood sugar with 4 hours min without food |
| Post-prandial | Blood sugar 2 hours after a meal |
| Glycosylated Hemoglobin | Blood sugar for 3 months |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test |
| Target Heart Rate | 220-age=Z, Z x 75% |
| Hypoglycemia | Insulin shock, blood sugar <60 |
| Hyperglycemia | Diabetic Ketoacidosis; IDDM only |
| HHNKS | NIDDM blood sugar 800-2000; mortality 65% |
| Somogyi Effect | Rebound hyperglycemia in AM |
| Dawn Phenomenon | Early rise in blood sugar in AM, no hypoglycemia noc |
| Retinopathy | Damage to retinal vessels |
| PVD | Pain in legs or numbness; poor healing |
| Nephropathy | Damage to capillaries in kidneys |
