| A | B |
|---|
| Panama Canal | started under Theodore Roosevelt; connects Atlantic to Pacific oceans across narrowest portion of Central America |
| World Power | a nation becomes a dominant force through colonization, strong military presence, and protection of weaker countries |
| expansionism | belief in early 20th century that US needed to grow outside its boundaries to include building Panama Canal; control of Pacific islands etc. |
| reform | the need to change things for the better such as working conditions; urban welfare; children in workplace |
| urbanization | move from countryside to cities; caused growth of cities and major problems in overcrowding; racial tension; corruption; inadequate public services |
| child labor | children under 14 yrs. were exploited as workers; often forced to do dangerous jobs for long hours and low pay |
| labor union | workers who bnd together and demand better working conditions, higher pay |
| big business | large companies that control major portions of economy; owners of big businesses become politically powerful because of their wealth from profits |
| farm issues | issues surrounding production of agricultural products--high cost of transportation; low pries for farm products; mortgaged farms in order to buy seed and supplies |
| industrialization | production of goods in factories by machines; occurred in late 19th century--led to more goods being produced at lower prices |
| technological innovations | new ways of doing things based on technology--they improve how people live |
| telegraph | new form of communication patented by Samuel Morse--messages sent using code (Morse Code) over long distance in a matter of seconds |
| railroads | helped westward expansion of U.S. by carrying large amounts of goods and people; railroads also became powerful politically |
| scientific discoveries | technological improvements based on science--such as telephone, airplanes; medical vaccinations, etc. |
| Civil War | 1861-1865--War between Northern and Southern states---North Wins |
| Abraham Lincoln | president during Civil War |
| Union | Northern army of Civil War (Yankees) |
| Confederacy | Southern army of Civil War (Rebels) |
| Spanish American War | USS Maine attacked Feb. 15, 1898 in Havana Harbor, Cuba--US defeats Spain; gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam |
| civil war | a war between people, factions, or regions within a country |
| Nullification Crisis | attempt by South Carolina to nullify a law in 1832--issue was high federal tariffs; South Carolina refused to pay; threatened to leave Union--they backed down when Jackson promised to use force against them |
